Notes: Yancey Kin

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1	George and Judith occupied Gilly?s Mill Plantation, which her father deeded to George in 1729. "The deed describes the plantation as being in Henrico County Southside (which later became Chesterfield County), south side of Swift Creek, both sides of Reedy Run, near Curles. Described as on John and Frederick Baugh?s line, it was also in the neighborhood of the Jefferson plantation." Miss Holmes continues, "George and Judith Farrar occupied this plantation for about thirty years during which he was active in the life of the county, serving on the jury, acting as appraiser and processionar of land in 1736." George and his family later moved to Mecklenburg County, Virginia on the Roanoke River where he died at about the age of 80 in 1772. His will is on file in Mecklenburg County, VA. Judith is believed to have died about 1786 at the age of 88 years.	Family: F01834
2	The legends tell that Opechancanough married his niece, Cleopatra, and fathered Princess Nicketti in his old age. I have included both the legend family of Cleopatra, and the other probable family of Cleopatra and Opechan Stream.	Family: F3923
3	http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=bevangenealogy&id=I66418 ID: I66418 Name: Princess Cleopatria POWHATAN Given Name: Princess Cleopatria Surname: Powhatan Sex: F Change Date: 13 MAY 2009 Note: Notes from http://members4.boardhost.com/pamunkey/msg/243.html .....mother of both Pocahontas & Cleopatra was Amopotuskee/Amopotoiske, a Cherokee woman from Bear creek, Virginia. Cleopatra married her half uncle Opechancanough. Nicketti married John Hughes. We are descendants and members of Amonsoquath Tribe of Cherokee. ************ Notes from http://genforum.genealogy.com/pocahontas/messages/170.html Governor Thomas Dale waned Cleopatra for his wife, although he had a wife in England. He sent his secretary to Chief Powhatan to bargain for his beautiful, youngest daughter. The Chief told him he had sold Princess Cleopatra for two bushels of roanoke (a term for wampum-beads made from the inside parts of shells, and Indians used them for/as currency.) to one of his foremost Chiefs, Opechancanough, and they were three days into the forest. Birth: 1610 in Orapacs, Henrico, Virginia, USA Death: AFT 1720 in Orapacs, Henrico, Virginia, USA LDS Baptism: 31 MAR 1998 Temple: OAKLA Sealing Child: 4 MAY 1998 Temple: OAKLA Endowment: 14 OCT 1998 Temple: OAKLA Father: Emporer Wahunsenacawh POWHATAN b: 27 JUN 1545 in Orapacs, Henrico, Virginia, USA Mother: Mrs Nomona (Amopotuskee) POWHATAN b: 1590 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Marriage 1 Emporer Opechancanough Mangopeesomon POWHATAN b: 1554 in Powhatan Tribe, Virginia, USA Married: 1635 in Virginia, USA Sealing Spouse: 20 MAR 2003 in SLOUI Children Princess Nicketti POWHATAN b: BEF 1644 in Virginia, USA Weroance Nectowance POWHATAN b: BEF 1600 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA	Cleopatra "Powhatan"
4	Succeeded her husband's (Totopotomoi) rule upon his death Upon her death, she was succeeded by her niece, Queen Ann	Cockacoeskie "Powhatan"
5	"He whose Soul is White" in the Algonquian language We are descendants and members of Pamunkey http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=bevangenealogy&id=I66419 ID: I66419 Name: Emporer Wahunsenacawh POWHATAN Given Name: Emporer Wahunsenacawh Surname: Powhatan Sex: M Change Date: 13 MAY 2009 Note: Pronounced - Wa-Hun-Sea-A-Cawh Notes from http://home.earthlink.net/'paws22/pow.htm#i584 He married twice. He married Winganuske of an Unknown Tribe at Tsenacomoca, Virginia. He married Regent Oholasc Quiqoughcohtan before 1600 in Powhatan Tribe, Virginia. Powhatan began as the Werowance (often translated by the English as King) of the Powhatan Tribes which lived south of the falls of the James River. Through marriages between noble families of the pervious generation, Powhatan had inherited power over eight tribes. These were the Arrohateck, Appamatuck, Orapaks, Youghtanund, Pamunkey, Mattaponi, Werowocomoce, and Kiskiack. In the 30 or so years after Powhatan assumed rule over these tribes, he had conquered about 20 more tribes. His title at that point was that of Mamanatowick (often translated by the British as Emperor) of the Powhatan Confederacey Emperor Wahunsenacawh Powhatan and Regent Oholasc Quiqoughcohtan had the following child: Tatacoope Powhatan Werowance Quiqoughcohannock was born at Tsenacomoca, Virginia about 1580. Tatacoope died at an unknown date. ************************ Notes from http://mywebpages.comcast.net/lecompte/tree.htm#Powhatan Wahunsonacock Powhatan , the father of Matoaka (otherwise known as Pocahontas), oversaw a loose empire of tribes around the Chesapeake Bay area in what is now Delaware, Maryland, and eastern Virginia. In 1607, the Virginia Company of colonists encountered Powhatan's tribes both peacefully and at odds. The encounter with John Smith that spawned the Pocohontas story is mostly myth, but exemplifies the best and worst of that early meeting of cultures. Chief Powhatan was coronated Emperor of Virginia by King James, but when he died in the spring of 1618, the succeeding generation would see their native lands usurped by the colonists. Powhatan purportedly had many children, most unrecorded. It is believed that we descend from his youngest daughter, Cleopatra, whose daughter Nicketti married a Scotsman named Hughes, and their daughter Mary Elizabeth married Nathaniel Davis. Notes from http://gen.culpepper.com/historical/legends/indian.htm Chief Powhatan (b abt 1547, d 1618). real name Wa-Hun-Sen-A-Cawh or Wahunsonacook, was the ruler of the Powhatan confederacy of Algonquian tribes. These tribes inhabited Virginia from seaboard to the falls of the rivers at the time the English first settled there in 1607. Chief Powhattan was the father of: Matoaka Rebecca ...Pocahontas... Powhaton. Her real name was Matoaka; the name Pocahontas means ...playful one.... She was described as her father's ...dearest daughter... and the idol of her tribe as well as admired by all England. According to a legend, in 1608 Pocahontas saved the life of Captain John Smith by holding his head in her arms as he was about to be clubbed to death by her father's warriors. Many historians doubt the story, which is not found in Smith's detailed personal narrative written at the time. The story first appeared in Smith's Generall Historie of Virginia (1624). In 1612 Pocahontas was captured by the English and taken to Jamestown. She became a convert to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. On 5 Apr 1614 at Jamestown, she married John Rolfe, one of the colonists, with the blessings of both the governor and her father. Eight years of peace between the Native Americans and the English followed the marriage. In 1615 Pocahontas had her first child, Thomas Rolfe, and the following year the family went to England. She met the king and queen of England and was received with royal honor. On the eve of her return to Virginia, Pocahontas died of smallpox and was buried in the chapel of the parish church in Gravesend, a Thames River port some twenty miles downstream from London. Her son was educated in England, but returned to Virginia and became an important settler. It is a definite possibility that Pocahontas was married prior to her marriage to John Rolfe and may very well have had one or more children. However, this has never been proven. Pocahontas (b abt 1595, died 21 Mar 1617, in London, Middlesex, England from smallpox) and John Rolfe (b bef. 6 May 1585, Heacham, Norfolk, England, baptized 6 May 1585, Heacham, Norfolk, England, d 22 Mar 1622, Jamestown, James City Co, VA killed in Indian massacre), were the parents of: Thomas Rolfe (b 30 Jan 1615, Richmond, Indian Territory, VA (Smith's Fort Plantation), d 1675, Kippax, Prince George Co. VA) who married in 1640 Jane Poythress (b abt. 1630, Jamestown, James City Co. VA, d Jan 1680, Charles City, VA). Thomas and Jane were the parents of: Jane Rolfe (b 10 Oct 1650 Petersburg, Indian Territory (Dinwiddie Co.) VA, d 1676, Kippax, Charles City Co. VA) who married 1675 in Petersburg, Col. Robert Bolling (b 26 Dec 1646, All Hallows, Barking Parish, London, England, Immigrated 2 Oct 1660 VA, d 7 Jul 1709, Kippax, Charles City Co. VA). Jane and Robert were the parents of: Col. John Bolling (b 26 Jan 1675, Kippax, Charles City Co. VA, d 20 Apr 1729, Cobbs, Henrico Co. VA) who married 29 Dec 1697 in Henrico Co, VA, Mary Kennon (29 Jun 1679, Conjuror's Neck, Henrico Co. VA, d 27 Jun 1727, Cobbs, Henrico Co. VA). John and Mary were the parents of: Col. John Bolling (b 20 Jan 1699/1700 Cobbs, Henrico Co. VA, d 6 Sep 1757, Cobbs, Henrico Co. VA) who married 24 Aug 1728 Elizabeth Bland Blair (b 20 Jan 1705/06 VA, d 22 Apr 1775 VA). John and Elizabeth were the parents of: Anne Bolling, who married 21 Apr 1770 William Alexander Dandridge II (b Hanover County, VA, d 1801 Hanover County, VA). William was a Major in 1777 and a Colonel in 1779-83. In 1781, as commissary for troops at Yorktown, seized 200 gallons of liquor. Played minuet with Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson at ...Elsing Green.... Notes from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Powhatan Chief Powhatan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Chief Powhatan, whose proper name was Wahunsunacock or Wahunsenacawh, was the leader of the Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten), a very powerful tribe of Native Americans , speaking an Algonquian language, who lived in Tenakomakah, what is now Virginia at the time of the first English-Native encounters. He was the father of Princess Pocahontas . A fictional version of Powhatan was voiced by Russel Means in the 1995 Disney film, Pocahontas . Powhatan was originally the name of the town that he came from, as well as the river it sat on (today called the James ). When he created a powerful empire by conquering most of tidewater Virginia, he called himself the Powhatan, often taken as his given name, but actually a title, translated variously as 'Chief', 'King' or 'Emperor'. In 1607 , when English soldier and pioneer John Smith arrived, he was captured by Opchanacanough , the younger brother of Chief Powhatan. According to Smith's account (which in the late 1800s was considered to be fabricated, but since is believed to be mostly accurate?although several highly romanticized popular versions cloud the matter), Pocahontas , Powhatan's daughter, is said to have prevented her father from executing Smith. It is believed that this was a ritual intended to adopt Smith into the tribe. After Smith left Virginia because of an injury sustained in a gunpowder accident, the nervous tribe attacked and killed many of the Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. When Smith returned, he made peace and the past was forgotten. However, within a few years both Chief Powhatan and Pocahontas were dead from disease. The Chief died in Virginia, but Pocahontas died in England, having been captured and married to the tobacco planter John Rolfe . Meanwhile, the English continued to encroach on Powhatan territory. After Wahunsunacock's death, his younger brother Opchanacanough became chief, and in 1622 and 1644 he attempted to force the English from Virginia. These attempts invited strong reprisals from the English, ultimately resulting in the destruction of the tribe. The Powhatan language is now extinct (although it was somehow spoken in the Disney film by Russell Means), although approximately 3,000 Powhatan people remain in Virginia. The principle sources for reconstructing the vocabulary are the word lists provided by Smith and by William Strachey . Powhatan County , although located somewhat to the west of their actual territory, was named for Chief Powhatan and his tribe. In the independent City of Richmond , Powhatan Hill is believed by tradition to be located near the village Chief Powhatan was originally from, although the specific location of the site is unknown. Notes from http://paniqui_embry.tripod.com/powhatan/aqwn01.htm Wahunsonacock POWHATAN BIOGRAPHY: Werowance(chief)of Algonquian Indians; inherited 8 tribes which he expanded into 28 tribes & was called Mamanatowick. In 1607, colonists from England arrived; they built James Fort later called James Towne (Jamestown). King James of England would have Powhatan coronated as Emperor of Virginia. Notes from http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/powhatan/powhatanchiefs.htm Powhatan. The ruling chief and practically the founder of the Powhatan confederacy (q. v.) in Virginia at the period of the first Englishsettlement. His proper name was Wahunsonacock, but he was commonly known as Powhatan from one of his- favorite residences at the falls of James r. (Richmond). According to Smith, of some 30 cognate tribes subject to his rule in 1607, all but six were his own conquests. At the time of the coming of the English, Powhatan is represented to have been about 60 years of age, of dignified bearing, and reserved and stern disposition. His first attitude toward the whites was friendly although suspicious, but he soon became embittered by the exactions of the newcomers. On the treacherous seizure of his favorite daughter, Pocahontas (q. v.), in 1613, he became openly hostile, but was happily converted for the time through her marriage to Rolfe. He died in 1618, leaving the succession to his brother, Opitchapan, who however was soon superseded by a younger brother, the noted Opechancanough. Birth: 27 JUN 1545 in Orapacs, Henrico, Virginia, USA Death: APR 1618 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Burial: APR 1618 Uttamussack, Pamunkey River, Virginia, USA LDS Baptism: 28 OCT 1930 Temple: ALBER Endowment: 20 NOV 1930 Temple: ALBER Sealing Child: 20 MAR 2003 Temple: SLOUI Father: Running Stream (Weroance of the Powhatan) POWHATAN b: 1510 in Powhatan Tribe, Virginia, USA Mother: Mrs. Scent Flower (Morning Flower Scent) POWHATAN b: 13 JUN 1517 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Marriage 1 Mrs Nomona (Amopotuskee) POWHATAN b: 1590 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Married: 1610 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Sealing Spouse: 3 NOV 2005 in SLAKE Children Princess Cleopatria POWHATAN b: 1610 in Orapacs, Henrico, Virginia, USA Princess Namontack POWHATAN b: 1611 Marriage 2 Regent Qholasc QULQOUGHCOHTAN : 1579 in Powhatan Confederacy, , , Virginia, USA Married: BEF 1600 in Powhatan Tribe, Virginia, USA Sealing Spouse: 3 SEP 2005 in SLOUI Children Tatacoope Powhatan Werowance Quiqoughcohannock POWHATAN : 1580 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Marriage 3 Winganuske MATATISKE : 1571 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Sealing Spouse: 21 OCT 2003 in BOISE Married: in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Children Parahunt Powhattan Weroance (1) POWHATAN : 1581 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Pochins Powhattan Weroance Kecoughtan (2) POWHATAN b: 1583 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Matachanna (1) POWHATAN b: 1587 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Mantaquaus (3) POWHATAN b: 1594 in Werowocomoco, , , Virginia, USA Princess Amonute Matoake Pocahontas Rebecca (2) POWHATAN b: 17 SEP 1595 in Werowocomoco, James River Colony, Virginia, USA Princess Nantaquas (3) POWHATAN b: AFT 1598 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Tanx Powhatta (4) POWHATAN b: 1599 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Taux (4) POWHATAN b: 1599 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Cleopatre (5) POWHATAN : 1600 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Nantakas (5) POWHATAN b: 1600 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Sixth Daughter POWHATAN b: 1601 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Opitichapan (6) POWHATAN b: 1601 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Seventh Daughter POWHATAN b: 1602 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Nemattanow Munetute (7) POWHATAN b: 1602 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Eighth Daughter POWHATAN b: 1603 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Opekankano (8) POWHATAN b: 1603 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Ninth Daughter POWHATAN b: 1604 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Ninth Son POWHATAN b: 1604 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Princess Tenth Daughter POWHATAN b: 1605 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Kecatough (10) POWHATAN : 1605 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Eleventh Son POWHATAN b: 1606 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA Prince Twelfth Son POWHATAN b: 1607 in Tsenacomoca, Orapacs, Virginia, USA	Opechancanough "Powhatan"
6	http://www.ucg.org/brp/materials/throne/appendices/ap3.html The writings of Sanchuniathon, as we have them, mention the Greek "Kronos, whom the Phoenicians call Israel . . . He circumcised himself, and forced his allies to do the same" (I.P. Cory, Ancient Fragments, 1828). Israel, as earlier stated, was the new name given to the biblical patriarch Jacob. And the Phoenician historian further explained that this Kronos or Israel had a special son named Jehud or Yehud. This is simply a shortened form of the Hebrew Yehudah, that is, Judah: ". . . evidence of the extent of Judah [later in the fifth century B.C.] are the seal impressions on storage jars . . . on which appear the name ‘Yehud’ in various forms" (Yohanan Aharoni and Michael Avi-Yonah, The Macmillan Bible Atlas, 1977, p. 109). Since the primary son of the Greek Cronus (Roman Saturn) was Zeus (Roman Jupiter), then Jehud would be the same as Zeus. Indeed, the word Zeus (Zhe-ut) may actually derive from Yehud—as the Roman Jupiter or Iupiter appears to derive from the Greek Zeus-pater or Zheut-pater (pater meaning "father"). Of course, a great deal of Babylonian paganism was overlaid onto these historical characters, creating the false gods of Greek and Roman mythology (see Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons, 1916, 1959). Thus, stripped of mythological embellishment, Dardanus son of Zeus son of Kronos is Darda son of Judah son of Israel. Actually, Darda was the grandson, great-grandson or later descendant of Judah—as the word "son" can be interpreted. In any case, Darda was, in fact, a descendant of Judah through the line of Zerah. Incredibly, an examination of the genealogies of the royal families of Europe shows that nearly all of them trace their lineage back to the house of Troy (see James Anderson, Royal Genealogies or the Genealogical Tables of Emperors, Kings, and Princes, from Adam to These Times, 1736; W.M.H. Milner, The Royal House of Britain: An Enduring Dynasty, 1902). Thus, the scepter did indeed remain with Judah as prophesied. For from the line of Perez came the royal house of David, while from the Zerah line came the royal house of Troy. Yet Troy’s wasn’t the only royal line from Zerah.	Son of Isaac Jacob Israel (CRONUS)
7	Crowned King of Italy by his father Charlemagne in 781	King of Italy Carloman (PIPPIN)
8	ARTHUR de Bretagne, son of JEAN II Duke of Brittany & his wife Beatrix of England (1262-Château de l'Isle 1312, bur Vannes). Vicomte de Limoges 1275-1301, in right of his first wife. Earl of Richmond 1286. Vicomte de Léon 1293. He succeeded his father in 1305 as ARTHUR II Duke of Brittany, pair de France, Comte de Penthièvre. Comte de Montfort-l'Amaury 1311, in right of his second wife. m firstly (Papal dispensation 24 Nov 1275, Tours 1277) MARIE Vicomtesse de Limoges, daughter and heiress of GUY IV Vicomte de Limoges & his wife Marguerite de Bourgogne (1260-1292). An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the marriage in 1275 of "Arturus filius comitis Britannie" and "Mariam filiam vicecomitisse Lemovicensis" at Tours[273]. m secondly ([May 1292]) as her second husband, YOLANDE de Dreux, widow of ALEXANDER III “the Glorious” King of Scotland, daughter of ROBERT IV Comte de Dreux et de Braine ([1269]-24 Aug 1322). Ctss de Montfort-l'Amaury 1311. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "IV Non Aug" of "dame Yoland, royne d'Escosse, duchesse de Bretaigne et contesse de Montfort"[274]. Duke Arthur II & his first wife had three children: ARTHUR de Bretagne, son of JEAN II Duke of Brittany & his wife Beatrix of England (1262-Château de l'Isle 1312, bur Vannes). Vicomte de Limoges 1275-1301, in right of his first wife. Earl of Richmond 1286. Vicomte de Léon 1293. He succeeded his father in 1305 as ARTHUR II Duke of Brittany, pair de France, Comte de Penthièvre. Comte de Montfort-l'Amaury 1311, in right of his second wife. m firstly (Papal dispensation 24 Nov 1275, Tours 1277) MARIE Vicomtesse de Limoges, daughter and heiress of GUY IV Vicomte de Limoges & his wife Marguerite de Bourgogne (1260-1292). An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the marriage in 1275 of "Arturus filius comitis Britannie" and "Mariam filiam vicecomitisse Lemovicensis" at Tours[273]. m secondly ([May 1292]) as her second husband, YOLANDE de Dreux, widow of ALEXANDER III “the Glorious” King of Scotland, daughter of ROBERT IV Comte de Dreux et de Braine ([1269]-24 Aug 1322). Ctss de Montfort-l'Amaury 1311. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "IV Non Aug" of "dame Yoland, royne d'Escosse, duchesse de Bretaigne et contesse de Montfort"[274]. Duke Arthur II & his first wife had three children:ARTHUR de Bretagne, son of JEAN II Duke of Brittany & his wife Beatrix of England (1262-Château de l'Isle 1312, bur Vannes). Vicomte de Limoges 1275-1301, in right of his first wife. Earl of Richmond 1286. Vicomte de Léon 1293. He succeeded his father in 1305 as ARTHUR II Duke of Brittany, pair de France, Comte de Penthièvre. Comte de Montfort-l'Amaury 1311, in right of his second wife. m firstly (Papal dispensation 24 Nov 1275, Tours 1277) MARIE Vicomtesse de Limoges, daughter and heiress of GUY IV Vicomte de Limoges & his wife Marguerite de Bourgogne (1260-1292). An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the marriage in 1275 of "Arturus filius comitis Britannie" and "Mariam filiam vicecomitisse Lemovicensis" at Tours[273]. m secondly ([May 1292]) as her second husband, YOLANDE de Dreux, widow of ALEXANDER III “the Glorious” King of Scotland, daughter of ROBERT IV Comte de Dreux et de Braine ([1269]-24 Aug 1322). Ctss de Montfort-l'Amaury 1311. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "IV Non Aug" of "dame Yoland, royne d'Escosse, duchesse de Bretaigne et contesse de Montfort"[274]. Duke Arthur II & his first wife had three children:	Duke Of Brittany ARTHUR, II
9	In 1920, Carlie was living with her sister, Mollie Wingo, & Mollie's family.	Carlie Pearl AUSTIN
10	Edd was injured while working on the Hurricane River in Marmaduke, Clay Co AR A tree fell across him while he was logging,on April 1 . Although every bone was broken, he lived 9 days. He died in Paragould, AR at the Community hospital. Edd left his first wife after finding her with his uncle.He told Howard about his brother & sister, though. He never saw the children again, he looked at them through a window and got on his horse and rode away that night. He was known to be a good dancer. He was very good with a horse-whip. He was one of those men who could knock a fly off the horse with a whip and never hurt the horse.	George Edward "Edd" AUSTIN
11	AUSTIN HENRY 08-07-1860-HARDIN,CO.TN 02-16-1947-CORINTH,MS APOPLEXY WIFE-OLEY PARISH AUSTIN(AGE 66) SON-J.A. AUSTIN FATHER-JOHN AUSTIN-HARDIN,CO.TN MOTHER-ELIZA QUALLS-HARDIN,CO.TN SALEM CEM. P.42	Henry R.H. AUSTIN
12	In 1920 Alfred was living with his brother, Will & Will's family, in Prentiss Co, MS	James Alfred AUSTIN
13	In 1920 Ernest was living with his brother, Will & Will's family, in Prentiss Co, MS	Rowden Ernest AUSTIN
14	he enlisted in the calvary of Maj. William Armstrong and Col. Washington in the light horse dragoons in Gen. Greene's Division, in Surry Co., N. C.He spent five years in the Revolution but the last two years hired a substitute. After the war he went back to Virginia and lived there 20 years. He moved to Tennessee and lived in Warren, Giles, Wayne and Hardin Counties, and also lived in Alabama three years Headstone; Armstrongs NC Co., Washington Dragoons, Rev. War.. Stephen Austin, Wayne County, Tennessee; Private in Captain James Armstrong's Company in North Carolina in 1834. Seventy-seven years and five months old in November 1832; Enlisted Surry County, North Carolina, and was in Guilford Courthouse Battle. Enlisted at age 20. Born in Pittsylvania County, Virginia; lived in Grayson County, Virginia for twenty years after the war; moved to Lauderdale County, Alabama for three years, then to Wayne County, Tennessee. Lived in Wayne County for last 10-12 years; lived there in 1830. He enlisted in 1771. Crayson Co.,=(Montgomery Co., ), VA Janet Austin Curtis has death as 1844 Hardin Co., TN., last pension payment	Stephen "Baldy" AUSTIN
15	Illegitimate son of Robert, I The Devil. Mother was a tanner's daughter TITL 701,777,7118,7143,7148,7151,7152,7155,Lancaster,George A Price AKA William Of Orange Duke Of Normandy EVEN TYPE Comment 2 PLAC Reigned 1066-1087 EVEN TYPE Comment 3 PLAC See notes Upon his father's death in 1035, William succeeded to the duchy at the age of seven or eight, the Duke of Normandy. As promised by King Edward the Confessor, who had no children, the crown would go to him. And he was crowned king in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William was a man of prodigious energy, a builder of castles (including the Tower of London), and the architect of the feudal system in England. It was his command that the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086 to record the names of all landowners and tenants. While the Danes were invading England, other Norsemen raided the coast of France. On the southern shore of the English Channel they established the Duchy of Normandy. These Norsemen, or Normans, became French in language and culture. In the 11th century the Duchy of Normandy was rich, populous, and powerful. When Edward the Confessor died childless, William, duke of Normandy, claimed the English crown. He was a second cousin of Edward, and he had exacted an oath from Harold, earl of Wessex, to support his claim. The English Witan nevertheless elected Harold king. William appealed to the pope. The pope supported William and declared Harold guilty of perjury. William gathered together a "host of horsemen, slingers, and archers" and set sail for England. Harold met him with foot soldiers armed with battle-axes. The two armies clashed in the famous battle of Hastings on Oct. 14, 1066. Harold was killed on the battlefield. The victorious William went up to London and was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day. (See also Harold, Kings of England; William, Kings of England; Hastings, Battle of.) Feudal System Under William I For five years William I was busy putting down revolts in his new kingdom. He seized the land of all Saxons who fought against him and distributed it among his Norman followers except for vast tracts that he kept for himself as crown lands. On his own estates and on those of favored barons he ordered strong fortified castles built. In return for the grant of land called a fief each lord had to swear loyalty to the king, furnish knights for the king's army, attend the king's court, and aid the king with money on certain occasions. Farmers were reduced to the class of serfs, or villeins, as the Normans called them. A villein could not leave the manor on which he was born. This system of land tenure was the basis of feudalism, which held sway all over Europe in the Middle Ages. (See also Feudalism; Knighthood; Middle Ages.) The efficiency of William's rule is shown by the survey he had made of all the property in England. His agents visited every manor, found out who owned it, how many people lived there, and reported what the feudal lord ought to pay the king in taxes and feudal service. The findings were recorded in the famous Domesday Book. It was called Domesday (day of doom) because no one could escape its judgment. The date of the Norman Conquest 1066 is one of the most important dates in English history. The Conquest cut England's ties with Scandinavia and connected England with France. French, the language of the Norman rulers, became blended with the Anglo-Saxon speech of the common people, enriching the native language with many new words and ideas. Wooden churches and abbeys were replaced with beautiful stone buildings in the Norman style. Foreign monks and bishops, brought in by the Normans, made the monasteri es centers of learning. Anyone who wanted to study went into the church as a matter of course. The king's secretaries, judges, and most of his civil servants were churchmen, because only churchmen had the necessary education. When he was crowned, William I, the Conqueror, promised to govern according to the laws of Edward the Confessor. The Witan survived in his great council of advisers, the curia regis, which was attended by earls, barons, bishops, and abbots; but the council no longer had the power to choose the king. As feudal overlord of the whole country, William bequeathed England to his second son, William II. He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert. --------------------------------------------------------- Excerpted from Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia Copyright © 1993, 1994 Compton’s NewMedia, Inc. William I (of England), called The Conqueror (1027-87), first Norman king of England (1066-87), who has been called one of the first modern kings and is generally regarded as one of the outstanding figures in western European history. Born in Falaise, France, William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, and Arletta, a tanner's daughter, and is therefore sometimes called William the Bastard. Upon the death of his father, the Norman nobles, honoring their promise to Robert, accepted William as his successor. Rebellion against the young duke broke out almost immediately, however, and his position did not become secure until 1047 when, with the aid of Henry I, king of France, he won a decisive victory over a rebel force near Caen. During a visit in 1051 to his childless cousin, Edward the Confessor, king of England, William is said to have obtained Edward's agreement that he should succeed to the English throne. In 1053, defying a papal ban, William married Matilda of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin V, count of Flanders and a descendant of King Alfred the Great, thereby strengthening his claim to the crown of England. Henry I, fearing the strong bond between Normandy and Flanders resulting from the marriage, attempted in 1054 and aga in in 1058 to crush the powerful duke, but on both occasions William defeated the French king's forces. Conquest of England About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William. He secured his release by swearing to support William's claim to the English throne. When King Edward died, however, the witenagemot (royal council) elected Harold king. Determined to make good his claim, William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. The duke and his army landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066. On October 14, the Normans defeated the English forces at the celebrated Battle of Hastings, in which Harold was slain. William then proceeded to London, crushing the resistance he encountered on the way. On Christmas Day he was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. The English did not accept foreign rule without a struggle. William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsible for the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced the Scottish king Malcolm III MacDuncan to pay him homage. During the succeeding years the Conqueror crushed insurrections among his Norman followers, including that incited in 1075 by Ralph de Guader, 1st earl of Norfolk, and Roger Fitzwilliam, earl of Hereford, and a series of uprisings in Normandy led by his eldest son Robert, who later became Robert II, duke of Normandy. His Achievements One feature of William's reign as king was his reorganization of the English feudal and administrative systems. He dissolved the great earldoms, which had enjoyed virtual independence under his Anglo-Saxon predecessors, and distributed the lands confiscated from the English to his trusted Norman followers. He introduced the Continental system of feudalism; by the Oath of Salisbury of 1086 all landlords swore allegiance to William, thus establishing the precedent that a vassal's loyalty to the king overrod e his fealty to his immediate lord. The feudal lords were compelled to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the local courts, which William retained along with many other Anglo-Saxon institutions. The ecclesiastical and secular courts were separated, and the power of the papacy in English affairs was greatly curtailed. Another outstanding accomplishment was the economic survey undertaken and incorporated in the Domesday Book in 1086. In 1087, during a campaign against King Philip I of France, William burned the town of Mantes (now Mantes-la-Jolie). William's horse fell in the vicinity of Mantes, fatally injuring him. He died in Rouen on September 7 and was buried at Caen in Saint Stephen's, one of the abbeys he and Matilda had founded at the time of their marriage as penance for their defiance of the pope. William was succeeded by his third-born son, William II. "William I (of England)," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation.	Conqueror King Of England William BEAUCLERC
16	TITL 7133,7148,7151,7155,Lancaster EVEN TYPE Comment 1 DATE BET 1100 AND 1135 PLAC Reigned EVEN TYPE Comment 2 PLAC See notes AKA Henry Beauclerc I, King Of England TITL 7114,Lancaster AKA I Henry Of England [william little,patterson 0963a cd772.FTW] [Genealogy.com, LLC WFT Vol. 72, Ed. 1, Tree #0963, Date of Import: May 13, 2002] King Henry I of England Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists(7th Ed) by Frederick Lewis Weis, Th.D.; F.A.S.G. (line 1) He was crowned king on Aug. 6, 1100 at Westminster Abbey. His first marriage was to Edith (renamed Matilda in honor of his mother), the elder daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scots, and St. Margaret, the granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, this reinforcing the strain of Saxon royal blood in the family. He was well educated, learning to read and write Latin and studying English law. All in all, Henry was a wise ruler and skilled diplomatist. His only legitimate son, William, was drowned with a large entourage in the wreck of the White Ship crossing the channel from Normandy. The news so grieved the king that it was said he never smiled again. In 1126 Henry designated his daughter Matilda, widow of the Emperor Henry V, to be his heir and chose a second husband for her in the person of Geoffrey Plantagenet, son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. Although his only legitimate offspring were William and Matilda, he left a large illegitimate progeny of 21 or more children, among them Robert, Earl of Gloucester, who was to champion his half-sister Matilda in her claim to the throne. William II (called William Rufus, the "Red King") came to the throne in 1087. He was a harsh ruler and few mourned him when he was killed by an arrow shot by an unknown hand while he was hunting (see William, Kings of England). Robert had gone off on the First Crusade, to recover the Holy Land from the Turks. A third son, Henry I, was therefore able to become king without a struggle, in 1100. When Robert returned, Henry crossed the Channel, defeated him, and gained Normandy also. He gave both England and western France a peaceful, orderly rule (see Henry, Kings of England). --------------------------------------------------------- Excerpted from Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia Copyright © 1993, 1994 Compton’s NewMedia, Inc. Henry I exacted a promise from the barons to recognize his daughter Matilda as their ruler. However, when he died, some of the barons broke their promise and instead chose Stephen, a grandson of William the Conqueror. Stephen was a gallant knight but a weak king. Throughout his reign lawless barons fought private wars, each seeking to increase his power. Twice he was challenged by Matilda and her supporters, who nearly defeated him in 1141. When Stephen died (1154), the people were ready to welcome a stro ng ruler who would restore order. --------------------------------------------------------- Excerpted from Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia Copyright © 1993, 1994 Compton’s NewMedia, Inc. Henry I (of England) (1068-1135), third Norman king of England (1100-1135), fourth son of William the Conqueror. Henry was born in Selby. Because his father, who died in 1087, left him no land, Henry made several unsuccessful attempts to gain territories on the Continent. On the death of his brother William II in 1100, Henry took advantage of the absence of another brother—Robert, who had a prior claim to the throne—to seize the royal treasury and have himself crowned king at Westminster. Henry subsequent ly secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church. In 1101 Robert, who was duke of Normandy, invaded England, but Henry persuaded him to withdraw by promising him a pension and military aid on the Continent. In 1102 Henry put down a revolt of nobles, who subsequently took refuge in Normandy, where they were aided by Robert. By defeating Robert at Tinchebray, France, in 1106, Henry won Normandy. During the rest of his reign, however, he constantly had to put down uprisings that threatened his rule in Normandy. The conflict between Henry and Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, over the question of lay investiture (the appointment of church officials by the king), was settled in 1107 by a compromise that left the king with substantial control in the matter. Because he had no surviving male heir, Henry was forced to designate his daughter Matilda as his heiress. After his death on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-Fôret, Normandy, however, Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, usurped the throne, plunging the country into a protracted civil war that ended only with the accession of Matilda's son, Henry II, in 1154."Henry I (of England)," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation	King England Henry BEAUCLERC, I
17	From www.infoplease.com: Revolted in July 817 when his uncle, Louis (I) the Pious who had succeeded Charlemagne as Emperor, proceeded to divide the empire among his sons, Bernhard's cousins. Bernhard's revolt didn't work, and he was forced to submit to Louis in December 817. Eventually, by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the territory that had been Bernhard's Kingdom of Italy was awarded to Louis the Pious' son Lothaire who became Holy Roman Emperor.	King of Italy BERNARD
18	William died during the Civli War	William BRAGG
19	He is apparently the last king of Dairiada known to early Welsh tradition	Domnall BRECC, King of Scots
20	at 72 years of age. Benton fell into some burning brush after suffering a heart attack. Buried in his rose garden. Enlisted as a Private 9 SEP 1862; Co. H 5th Ala. Cav. Howell's Company. Traveled to Union Springs, 80 miles. Final Estate Record in Book 9, pp. 89-96. Probate Judges office at Hamilton, AL. Also listed in Co. E 4th Ala. Cav. Margaret shows up in the same household as her nephew James Arthur Frederick, on the Marion County Census of 1910, and on the 3 MAR 1920, (age 77) Marion County Census living with a grandchild. She is listed on the 1910 census as being widowed with 1 of 4 children still living. She was known as aunt Marg to those who remembered her.	Charles Benton BRITNELL
21	Died aftera Tornado that struck the town of Hackleburg, Alabama on April 12, 1943, She died of injuries sustained in the tornado.	Clarice Ann BRITNELL
22	Holley Springs Methodist Church cemetery Coushatta, LA	John Wesley Campbell BRITNELL
23	although she was known as BRITNELL , she was 4 when her parents married ; it is unknown whether JOHN BRITNELL was her natural father. in 1900, Rosa & Henry were living in Marion Co, AL, with their son, Edd, along with Mollie, Minnie & Docia Raines, and Henry's two brothers, Soloman & James. in 1910, Rosa & Henry were living in Alcorn Co, MS wih their three sons, Edd, Alfred & Ernest.	Rosa A.M.C BRITNELL
24		William F. BRITNELL
25	Enrolled Oct. 29, 1862 @ Corinth, Mississippi, in the 1st Alabama Cavalry; mustered in December 31, 1862, discharged October 20, 1865. Served in Cos K & A; also deserted June 3, 1863 and returned August 16, 1863. He was found guilty of desertion but cleared of charges at end of war. Missing in Action near Vincent's Crossroads, October 26, 1863. Present for the remainder of the war. These notes are from Alabama Tories Roster of the Regiment; pvt. K. A. en. 2-23-64, Memphis, 3 yrs., MI 2-26-64, Memphis. b. Franklin Co., Ala., 25, farmer. des. 6-3-63, returned 8-16-63, MO 10-20-65. Also a Lieutenant with P.D. Roddy's 4th Cav.	William Simon BRITNELL
26	At least one living individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Daniel Wayne CARDOZA
27	From www.infoplease.com: Charlemagne shared with his brother Carloman in the succession to his father's kingdom. At Carloman's death (771), young Charlemagne annexed his brother's lands, disinheriting Carloman's two young sons, who fled with their mother to the court of Desiderius, king of the Lombards. When Desiderius conquered part of the papal lands and attempted to force Pope Adrian I to recognize Carloman's sons, Charlemagne intervened (773) on the side of the pope and defeated the Lombards. At Rome, Charlemagne was received by Adrian as patrician of the Romans (a title he had received with his father in 754), and he confirmed his father's donation to the Holy See. Shortly afterward he took Pavia, the Lombard capital, and assumed the iron crown of the Lombard kings of Italy. In 778 he invaded Spain, hoping to take advantage of civil war among the Muslim rulers of that kingdom, but was repulsed at Zaragoza. In later campaigns conducted by local counts, Barcelona was captured (801) and a frontier established beyond the Pyrenees. Charlemagne's struggle with the pagan Saxons, whose greatest leader was Widukind, lasted from 772 until 804. By dint of forced conversions, wholesale massacres, and the transportation of thousands of Saxons to the interior of the Frankish kingdom, Charlemagne made his domination over Saxony complete. In 788 he annexed the semi-independent duchy of Bavaria, after deposing its duke, Tassilo. He also warred successfully against the Avars and the Slavs, establishing a frontier south of the Danube. In 799 the new pope, Leo III, threatened with deposition by the Romans, appealed to Charlemagne. Charlemagne hastened to Rome to support Leo, and on Christmas Day, 800, was crowned emperor by the pope. His coronation legitimized Charlemagne's rule over the former Roman empire in W Europe and finalized the split between the Byzantine and Roman empires. After years of negotiation and war, Charlemagne received recognition from the Byzantine emperor Michael I in 812; in return Charlemagne renounced his claims to Istria, Venice, and Dalmatia, which he had held briefly. The end of Charlemagne's reign was troubled by the raids of Norse and Danes (see Norsemen), so Charlemagne took vigorous measures for the construction of a fleet, which his successors neglected. His land frontiers he had already protected by the creation of marches. In 813, Charlemagne designated his son Louis I as co-emperor and his successor and crowned him at Aachen. Achievements of His Reign In his government Charlemagne continued and systematized the administrative machinery of his predecessors. He permitted conquered peoples to retain their own laws, which he codified when possible, and he issued many capitularies (gathered in the Monumenta Germaniae historica). A noteworthy achievement was the creation of a system by which he could supervise his administrators in even the most distant lands; his missi dominici were personal representatives with wide powers who regularly inspected their assigned districts. He strove to educate the clergy and exercised more direct control over the appointment of bishops and he acted as arbiter in theological disputes by summoning councils, notably that at Frankfurt (794), where adoptionism was rejected and some of the decrees of the Second Council of Nicaea (see Nicaea, Second Council of) were condemned. He stimulated foreign trade and entertained friendly relations with England and with Harun al-Rashid. In 813, Charlemagne designated his son Louis I as co-emperor and his successor and crowned him at Aachen. Charlemagne's court at Aachen was the center of an intellectual renaissance. The palace school, under the leadership of Alcuin, became famous; numerous schools for children of all classes were also established throughout the empire during Charlemagne's reign. The preservation of classical literature was aided by his initiatives. Prominent figures of the Carolingian renaissance included Paul the Deacon and Einhard. Character and Influence In his daily life Charlemagne affected the simple manners of his Frankish forebears, wore Frankish clothes, and led a frugal existence. He was beatified after his death and in some churches has been honored as a saint. Surrounded by his legendary 12 paladins, he became the central figure of a cycle of romance. At first, legend pictured him as the champion of Christendom; later he appeared as a vacillating old man, almost a comic figure. His characterization in the Chanson de Roland (see Roland) has impressed itself indelibly on the imagination of the Western world. The vogue of the Charlemagne epic ebbed somewhat after the Renaissance but was revived again in the 19th cent. by Victor Hugo and other members of the Romantic school. Charlemagne's creation (or re-creation) of an empire was the basis of the theory of the Holy Roman Empire; it was his example that Napoleon I had in mind when he tried to assume his succession in 1804.	King of the Francs Charles Ier dit CHARLEMAGNE
28	Frankish king, son of Clovis I. On his father's death (511) he and his three brothers shared equally in the Frankish kingdom. His capital was at Paris. When his brother Clodomir died (524), he and another brother Clotaire I murdered Clodomir's sons and seized his lands. With Clotaire he shared in the reconquest and partition of Burgundy and Provence (534) and unsuccessfully campaigned in Spain (542). Childebert had a son: Siegbert Also called Chlodebaud of Cologne. Childebert, King of the Franks was born circa 430. He was the son of Clovis, King of the Franks and Ildegonde. King of the Franks at Cologne, Francia Rhinensis, Frankish Kingdoms, between 448 and 483. Childebert, King of the Franks married Amalberge des Francs, daughter of Clodoweg des Francs and Weldelphe of the Saxons, in 453. Childebert, King of the Franks died in 483.	King of Cologne CHILDEBERT
29	Frankish "kings" were more of local tribal chieftains. From www.infoplease.com: The son of Childeric I and founder of the Merovingian monarchy. Originally little more than a tribal chieftain, he became sole leader of the Salian Franks by force of perseverance and by murdering a number of relatives. In 486 he defeated the Roman legions under Syagrius at Soissons, virtually ending Roman domination over Gaul. He then subdued the Thuringians. After his marriage (493) to the Burgundian princess Clotilda, a Catholic, he had his children baptized but was not immediately converted himself. He is said to have invoked the Christian God while locked in battle with the Alemanni in the late 490s. He defeated them and two years later converted, having been persuaded by Clotilda and St. Remi (also known as Remigius), bishop of Reims, who baptized him, reputedly along with 3,000 supporters. Thereafter Clovis was the champion of orthodox Christianity against the Arian heretics, the Burgundians, and the Visigoths. He attacked the Burgundians (500) at Dijon and the Visigoths (507) under Alaric II at Vouillé. When he died, he was master of most of Gaul—except Burgundy, Gascony, Provence, and Septimania—and of SW Germany. Shortly before his death he probably had the Salian Law revised and put into writing. Clovis united all Franks under his rule, gained the support of the Gallic clergy, made Paris his base of operations, and extended his conquests into Germany. He thus laid the foundation, which even 400 years of chaos and misrule could not destroy, of the French monarchy and foreshadowed the conquests of Charlemagne. He was succeeded by his four sons, Theodoric I, Clodomir, Childebert I, and Clotaire I. http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cousin/html/p288.htm#i7672 Also called Clodion "the Hairy" Crinitus or Hairy, for the Kings of the Franks kept long hair and this was equated with royal power. Clovis, King of the Franks also went by the name of Clodion "le Chevelu". He was born circa 398. He was the son of Theodemer, King of the Franks and Blesinde des Francs.3 Clovis, King of the Franks married Ildegonde, daughter of Marcomir, King of Cologne and Ildegonde of the Lombards, before 418. King of the Franks at Cologne, Francia Rhinensis, Frankish Kingdoms, before 448. Clovis, King of the Franks died in 448.	King of Cologne CLOVIS
30	Facts about William Alexander Craig Added by judithwattofvaughnbay on 12 May 2008 William Craig was known as "The Covenanter". 1679-1688--The Killing Time--Covenanters are ruthlessly pursued and slaughtered. Many flee to Ireland and America. Emigration: From Scotland to Ulster, Ireland by ca 1712 then on to PA, USA in about 1725. Apparently the entire Clan packed up and left Scotland, because it was all the brothers, sisters, their spouses and children on the same ship... Migration: To VA ca. 1740 Occupation: Covenanter Religion: Presbyterian Sterling Craig's sketch and Will of William Craig dated 21 Feb 1759, filed 26 Nov 1759, Staunton, Virginia, Court Will Book 2, page 348. "Page 348.--21st February, 1756. William (his "a" mark) Craig's will, yeoman--Wife, Janet; eldest son, Robert Craig; 3 sons, Robert, James and John. Executors, Robert and James Craig. Teste: Geo. Crawford, James Leard. Proved, 26th November, 1759. James Craig refused to execute. Robert qualifies, with Jas. Craig, Geo. Crawford." Additional information about this story Description Facts about the Covenanters and William Alexander Craig Date Location Scotland, Ireland, America Attached to William Alexander Craig (1685 - 1759) Other trees this object is saved to Foster Family Tree Charles A. Perkins Mississippi Steers Family Tree Willis-Jones Family Tree baylis Family Tree Emerick Family Tree Shirley-Shows Family Tree Miller Family Tree .commentblock { border: 1px solid #ddd; border-width: 0 0 1px; } .commentblock h3 { font: bold 13px Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/comment.gif) no-repeat left center; padding-left: 22px; margin: 10px 0 0; display: inline; } .comment { padding: 0 10px 10px 13px; margin: 5px 10px; word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12px; } .commentTools { text-align: right; margin: 10px -25px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style:none; font-style:normal; font-size: 11px; position:relative; } .commentTools li { display: inline; padding: 0 6px 0 8px; border-right: 1px solid #999; } .commentTools .last { border: 0 none;} #scorecard li a, .event_scorecard li a{ font-size: 12px; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_photo{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_picture.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_story{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_story.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_audio{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_audio.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_video{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_video.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_person{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/personView16.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .added_to { color: #777; font-style:italic; margin: 5px 0; font-size: 8px; } Comments	William Alexander II CRAIG
31	Name: Raleigh Croshaw Year: 1607 Place: Jamestown, Virginia Source Publication Code: 720 Primary Immigrant: Croshaw, Raleigh Annotation: Contains passenger lists mentioned in Lancour, A Bibliography of Ship Passenger Lists, 1538-1825 (1963), nos. 198E, 200-207, 208(1), 213, 215, 219, 220, 222, 225, 227, 229-231, 232A-233, 235-237, 240(1)-243. Boyer has indexed ship names, place names, and Source Bibliography: BOYER, CARL, 3RD, editor Ship Passenger Lists, the South (1538-1825). Newhall, Calif.: the editor, 1979. 314p. 4th pr. 1986. Reprint. Family Line Publications, Westminster, MD, 1992. Page: 41	Raleigh Croshaw
32	1st Duke under the Romans	Son of King Clodius Duke DAGOBERT
33	http://www.ucg.org/brp/materials/throne/appendices/ap3.html The royal house of Troy The traditional founder of Troy’s famed royal house was Dardanus, a few generations prior to Tros and Ilus: "Dardanus, in Greek legend, the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Electra, mythical founder of Dardania on the Hellespont [the nearby strait separating Dardania from Hellas or Greece now called the Dardanelles]. He was the ancestor of the Dardans of the Troad [the region surrounding Troy] . . . "According to tradition . . . Dardanus fled from Arcadia [in the middle of Mycenaean Greece] across the sea to Samothrace [a northern Aegean island]. When that island was visited by a flood, he crossed over to the Troad . . . Being hospitably received by Teucer (ruler of Phrygia), he married Teucer’s daughter Bateia and became the founder of the royal house of Troy" ("Dardanus," Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia, 1985, Vol. 3, p. 884). In his acclaimed Story of Civilization, historian Will Durant writes: "Who were the Trojans? An Egyptian papyrus mentions certain ‘Dardenui’ as among the allies of the Hittites at the battle of Kadesh (1287 [B.C.]); it is likely that these were the ancestors of the ‘Dardenoi’ who in Homer’s terminology are one with the Trojans. Probably these Dardani were of Balkan [Greek] origin, crossed the Hellespont in the sixteenth century [B.C., though the 15th is perhaps more likely] . . . Herodotus [Greek "father of history" of the fifth century B.C.], however, identified the Trojans with the Teucrians [note the eponymous King Teucer already mentioned], and the Teucrians, according to [the first-century-B.C. Greco-Roman geographer] Strabo, were Cretans who settled in the Troad, perhaps after the fall of Cnossus. Both Crete and the Troad had a sacred Mt. Ida" (Vol.2: The Life of Greece, 1966, p. 35). This is all becoming much clearer. Again, these people were evidently Israelites—most likely Judahites or Jews. Indeed, even many of the Mycenaean royal houses of southern Greece appear to have sprung from the royal lineage of Crete, which seems to have been Jewish. It is interesting to consider that, according to Homer, the shields of the Greek leaders in the Trojan War were decorated with heraldic eagles and lions. These were the Israelite tribal emblems of Dan and Judah respectively. The lion also appeared on the shields of the Trojans. This is made all the more compelling by the following quote from Biblical Archaeologist magazine: "Lions, we may remark, are not frequent in Greece" (March 1996, p. 17). And yet over the "Lion Gate" of Mycenae, an ancient relief of two very large lions flanking a pillar still greets tourists. Virtually the same emblem later appeared across the Aegean in Phrygia in western Turkey—on the rock-cut tomb of Arslantas ("Lion Stone") near Afyon. Perhaps this was due to the symbol being carried by Mycenaean royalty, which was later evidently transferred to Miletus—the Milesians then influencing neighboring Phrygia. Is it possible that in these emblems we are seeing the lion of Judah? Added to the intriguing possibility is this fact from a Harvard travel publication: "The excavated site of ancient Mycenae extends over a large tract of rough terrain tucked between Mt. Agios Elias to the north and Mt. Zara to the south" (Let’s Go Greece & Turkey, 1998, p. 146, emphasis added). In fact the royal palace sits right at the base of Mount Zara. Could Mycenaean royalty have been descended from Judah’s son Zerah or Zarah—the child of the scarlet thread? Zerah and the line of Dardanus Before answering that, we should first take another look at Trojan royalty. When all factors available to us are considered, it would seem that the founder of Troy’s ruling dynasty is not so mythical after all. Sir William Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible notes that the first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus used Dardanus as the Greek form of a biblical name: "Darda . . . Joseph.[us] Dardanos; Darda . . ." (1863, Vol. 1, p. 397). Darda, or Dara, is listed in Scripture as a son of Judah’s son Zerah—the same Zerah who had received the scarlet thread upon his wrist in Genesis 38. "The sons of Zerah were Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara—five of them in all" (1 Chronicles 2:6). In 1 Kings 4:31, he is called Darda: "For [Solomon] was wiser than all men—than Ethan the Ezrahite [i.e., Zerahite or Zarhite], and Heman, Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol; and his fame was in all the surrounding nations." Yet how could some of these men be sons of Mahol if they were sons of Zerah? A clue occurs in the title of Psalm 89, which gives the author as Ethan the Ezrahite—who obviously lived after David since the psalm speaks of God’s covenant with David and even of later transgression by David’s successors. Therefore, it would appear that the "sons" of Zerah in 1 Chronicles 2:6 must actually mean the descendants of Zerah—which is common usage of the word "sons" in the Bible. And "five of them in all" must mean that among the extended "family of the Zarhites" (Numbers 26:20), there were five who were spoken of together as having a great reputation for wisdom and accomplishment. That Solomon is noted to have outclassed them speaks volumes about them as well. They were undoubtedly internationally famous people who had carried out great exploits. That the five, including Darda, are not immediate sons of Zerah takes care of a potential discrepancy in this whole identification, since Greek tradition mentions a brother of Dardanus named Jasius or Iasion, who was either killed by Dardanus or struck by lightning (Encyclopaedia Britannica, p. 884). If the five sons of Zerah are descendants of Zerah, this matter is easily resolved. It is also interesting to note that while the genealogy of the Perez branch of Judah’s family is given in great detail for many generations in Scripture, the genealogical record of Zerah’s family is what you see above—that’s it except for a named son of Ethan (1 Chronicles 2:8) and the infamous Achan of Joshua’s day being listed along with his father and grandfather (verse 7; Joshua 7:17-18, 24). This lack of information perhaps suggests that most of Zerah’s descendants were no longer present with the main body of the nation. Perhaps they became upset with their secondary status behind Perez, believing it unfair because of the incident with the scarlet thread and Perez’s breach. Whatever the reason, they appear to have migrated elsewhere. Yet could the biblical Darda truly be the founder of Troy? What of Dardanus’ descent from the Greek god Zeus? A number of royal genealogies based on Homer describe the descent of Trojan royalty as follows: Cronus (or Kronos) – Zeus – Dardanus – Erichthonius – Tros – Ilus – Laomedon – Priam (the king of Troy at the time of the Trojan War in Homer’s Iliad). While this lineage might appear entirely mythical, it should be realized that some ancient myths about the "gods" were actually rooted in stories about real people. In fact, many pagan religions began, in part, as ancestor and hero worship (see Thomas Bulfinch, Bulfinch’s Mythology, "Stories of God’s and Heroes," chap. 25: "Origin of Mythology," 1855, 1979). With that in mind, it is rather surprising to discover what the ancient Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon (or Sanchoniatho)—who is believed to have lived around the 1200s B.C. (though some put him a few centuries later)—had to say about the identity of Cronus. But first it should be recognized that all material from Sanchuniathon "is derived from the works of Philo of Byblos (flourished AD 100), who claimed to have translated his Phoenicica from the original text. The authenticity of that claim has been questioned, but excavations at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) in Syria in 1929 revealed Phoenician documents supporting much of Sanchuniathon’s information on Phoenician mythology and religious beliefs" ("Sanchuniathon," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1985, Vol. 10, p. 404). The writings of Sanchuniathon, as we have them, mention the Greek "Kronos, whom the Phoenicians call Israel . . . He circumcised himself, and forced his allies to do the same" (I.P. Cory, Ancient Fragments, 1828). Israel, as earlier stated, was the new name given to the biblical patriarch Jacob. And the Phoenician historian further explained that this Kronos or Israel had a special son named Jehud or Yehud. This is simply a shortened form of the Hebrew Yehudah, that is, Judah: ". . . evidence of the extent of Judah [later in the fifth century B.C.] are the seal impressions on storage jars . . . on which appear the name ‘Yehud’ in various forms" (Yohanan Aharoni and Michael Avi-Yonah, The Macmillan Bible Atlas, 1977, p. 109). Since the primary son of the Greek Cronus (Roman Saturn) was Zeus (Roman Jupiter), then Jehud would be the same as Zeus. Indeed, the word Zeus (Zhe-ut) may actually derive from Yehud—as the Roman Jupiter or Iupiter appears to derive from the Greek Zeus-pater or Zheut-pater (pater meaning "father"). Of course, a great deal of Babylonian paganism was overlaid onto these historical characters, creating the false gods of Greek and Roman mythology (see Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons, 1916, 1959). Thus, stripped of mythological embellishment, Dardanus son of Zeus son of Kronos is Darda son of Judah son of Israel. Actually, Darda was the grandson, great-grandson or later descendant of Judah—as the word "son" can be interpreted. In any case, Darda was, in fact, a descendant of Judah through the line of Zerah. Incredibly, an examination of the genealogies of the royal families of Europe shows that nearly all of them trace their lineage back to the house of Troy (see James Anderson, Royal Genealogies or the Genealogical Tables of Emperors, Kings, and Princes, from Adam to These Times, 1736; W.M.H. Milner, The Royal House of Britain: An Enduring Dynasty, 1902). Thus, the scepter did indeed remain with Judah as prophesied. For from the line of Perez came the royal house of David, while from the Zerah line came the royal house of Troy. Yet Troy’s wasn’t the only royal line from Zerah. The founder of Athens The Mycenaean house of Atreus also traced its lineage to Zeus (i.e., Judah). And considering the Mount Zara rising above Mycenae, it would seem that this royal line, like that of Troy, sprang from Zerah. Indeed, remember that the Zarhite Dardanus actually came from this area of Greece. Thus it would appear that the Jewish Cretan royal family, evidently of Zerah, was split—with one line going to northwest Turkey and the other going to Mycenaean Greece. Yet they were fused back together when Dardanus married Teucer’s daughter and founded Troy. How, then, does all of this relate to the Milesians? This publication elsewhere explains that the father of Ireland’s Milesian dynasty from Spain is sometimes given as Miledh, Golamh or Gathelus. He is often called the son of Nel (also Niul or Neolus)—surely the Neleus from whom the Milesians of Asia Minor traced their descent. But Gathelus is sometimes referred to as the son of Cecrops, the founder of Athens in Greek mythology. So which was it? Was Gathelus the son of Neleus or Cecrops? If "son" is understood to mean descendant, which it almost certainly does here, then he could be the son of both. As noted elsewhere in this publication, Will Durant stated that the Ionians came to Miletus from Attica, the region of Athens (pp.127-129). The Mycenaean Greeks also traced themselves back to "Achaeus and Ion, who begot the Achaean and Ionian tribes, which, after many wanderings, peopled respectively the Peloponnesus [southern Greece] and Attica [the region of Athens]. One of Ion’s descendants, Cecrops, with the [supposed] help of the goddess Athena, founded . . . the city that was named after her, Athens. It was he, said the story, that gave civilization to Attica, instituted marriage, abolished bloody sacrifices, and taught his subjects to worship the Olympian gods—Zeus and Athena above the rest" (Durant, pp. 39-40). This is likely a corrupted account of something that actually happened. We’ve already seen Zeus identified with Judah. And Athena may have been named after Athens rather than the other way around. Furthermore, as she was the goddess of wisdom, perhaps Cecrops simply promoted the celebration of wisdom and this was later interpreted as promoting the worship of a goddess. Then again, he may have been thoroughly pagan—we just don’t know. Intriguingly, while much has been made of Dardanus (and rightly so), some students of this subject have identified Cecrops as one of the other sons of Zerah—Calcol or Chalcol. This might at first appear to be a rather tenuous connection. But there is some evidence to support it. Consider that of the two scriptural mentions of Calcol and Darda (apparently called the sons of Mahol in the latter), Calcol is mentioned first both times—apparently as the eldest or most prominent. This would seem to indicate that, between the two, the primary royal line from Zerah should be through Calcol. Yet that is rather surprising when we consider Darda as the founder of the royal house of Troy. For what could be more prominent than that? Perhaps, the answer would seem to be, the founder of the royal house of early Athens—a lineage that also seems to have become the dynasty of Miletus and other kingdoms (eventually including Ireland). Regarding Mahol, some see a relation to the name Miletus. The name Mahol can be rendered in Hebrew as Machol, which means "dance" or, literally, "to move in a circle." This name does seem similar to the promontory just north of Miletus—"Mycale, the central meeting place of all Ionia" (p. 242). It was here that the Ionian cities of Asia Minor would gather for meetings and to celebrate their great festival of song and dance, the Panionium (p. 151). While both Calcol and Darda appear in Scripture to have descended from someone named Mahol or to have been cryptically referred to as "the sons of dance," there is no way to know whether or not "Mahol" is related to Mycale or Miletus. It is also possible that the word mahol or machol as here applied was actually imported from Greece—that it was the Hebrew transliteration of the Greek word megale, meaning "great." Thus, Calcol and Darda would be the "sons of greatness." This would lend further credence to Calcol’s identification with the founder of Athens. Of course, there is yet more to go on anyway, not least of which is the fact that on the large island of Euboea right next to Athens, settled by Athenians, was a region called Chalcis (see Appendix 4: "The Colchis Connection"). Furthermore, since there is compelling evidence that Ireland’s Milesian rulers descended from Zerah as this publication elsewhere shows, the first of the Milesian rulers springing from Cecrops would seem to require the Athenian founder to have been a Zarhite too. Because of that, and Calcol’s preeminence above Troy’s founder Darda, it is not unreasonable to identify Calcol with Cecrops—despite how incredible that may sound. http://www.geocities.com/protoillyrian/trojan Dardani were a fierce fighting people recorded in the Egyptian annals as a separate group of the Sea People who came from that Illyrian part called Dardania. In Greece the Dardani people were called simply Doris, as the name dar-dar is a duplication of the name dar- 'tree, cut a tree'. Celtic people called the priestly class as Druids. So the name Dardani was part of the priestly caste among early Indo Europeans. After the migration of the Sea People to Asia Minor, the Hittite Empire seized to exist, hence the Hittite name Willussa (from Hattussa) became Troad from Darda, Dardic, Doris of Illyrian Greek origin. This is the reason why Troy had an older name Wilusa, and a new name Troad. Dor-is, Dar-dar people were the ruling Celtic caste of Indo Europeans who invaded Mycenae and plunged Greece into the Dark Ages. Illyria must have suffered a similar fate as Mycenae and Hattusa. So Illyrian Dardanians received their name Illyroi in Greek meaning 'the conquerors of Wilusa' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanus Other accounts make no mention of Arcadia or Hesperia, though they sometimes mention a flood and speak of Dardanus sailing on a hide-raft (as part of the flood story?) from Samothrace to the Troad near Abydos. All accounts agree that Dardanus came to the Troad from Samothrace and was there welcomed by King Teucer and that Dardanus married Batea the daughter of Teucer. (Dionysius mentions that Dardanus' first wife Chryse had died.) Dardanus received land on Mount Ida from his father-in-law. There Dardanus founded the city of Dardania. Ancient Troy was located in northwest Asia Minor only a few miles from the entrance to the Dardanelles. According to Greek poetry, the Trojan, Paris, took the beautiful Helen (the woman with the face that would launch a thousand ships) back to Troy despite the fact that she was married to Menelaus. Some traditions imply she went freely while others imply she was forced. In any event, Agamemnon, seeking to avenge this affront to his brother Menelaus, draws together those Greek princes owing him allegiance and sets sail to attack Troy. There they laid siege to the well fortified city in a ten year campaign marked by various successes and failures. Eventually it took a clever trick, a large wooden horse seeming left as tribute by the fleeing Greeks but really containing Greek warriors in its belly, to defeat the Trojans. And, thus, the source of the cliche, "beware of Greeks bearing gifts." Geography. Ancient Troy commanded a strategic point at the southern entrance to the Dardanelles (Hellespont), a narrow strait linking the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea via the Sea of Marmara. The city also commanded a land route that ran north along the west Anatolian coast and crossed the narrowest point of the Dardanelles to the European shore. Troy probably used its site astride these two lines of communication to exact tolls from trading vessels and other travelers using them. This practice probably accounted for the wealth of ancient Troy; it may also have been the Greeks' actual motive in waging war against the city, which chronically interfered with their trade through the Dardanelles. The Troad (Greek Troias; "Land of Troy") is the district formed by the northwestern projection of Asia Minor into the Aegean Sea. The present-day ruins of Troy itself occupy the western end of a low descending ridge in the extreme northwest corner of the Troad. Less than 4 miles (6 km) to the west, across the plain of the Scamander River, is the Aegean Sea, and toward the north are the narrows of the Dardanelles. Archaeology. The approximate location of Troy was well known from references in works by ancient Greek and Latin authors. But the exact site of the city remained unidentified until modern times. A large mound, called Hisarlik (or Hissarlik) by the Turks, had long been known to hold the ruins of a city named Ilion that had flourished in Hellenistic and Roman times. In 1822 Charles McLaren suggested that this was the site of Homeric Troy, but for the next 50 years his suggestion received little attention from classical scholars, most of whom regarded the Trojan legend as a mere fictional creation based on myth, not history. The German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann deserves full credit for adopting McLaren's identification and demonstrating to the world that it was correct. In seven major and two minor campaigns between 1870 and 1890, Schliemann conducted excavations on a large scale mainly in the central area of the Hisarlik mound, where he exposed most of the remains of the Early Bronze Age. After Schliemann's death in 1890, the excavations were continued (1893-94) by his colleague Wilhelm Dörpfeld and later (1932-38) by an expedition from the University of Cincinnati headed by Carl W. Blegen. Before excavations began, the mound rose to a height of 105 feet (32 m) above the plain. It contained a vast accumulation of debris that was made up of many clearly distinguishable layers. Schliemann and Dörpfeld identified a sequence of nine principal strata, representing nine periods during which houses were built, occupied, and ultimately destroyed. At the end of each period when a settlement was destroyed (usually by fire, or earthquake, or both), the survivors, rather than clear the wreckage down to the floors, merely leveled it out and then built new houses upon it. The nine major periods of ancient Troy are labeled I to IX, starting from the bottom with the oldest settlement, Troy I. In periods I to VII Troy was a fortified stronghold that served as the capital of the Troad and the residence of a king, his family, officials, advisers, retinue, and slaves. Most of the local population, however, were farmers who lived in unfortified villages nearby and took refuge in the citadel in times of danger. Troy I to V corresponds roughly to the Early Bronze Age (c. 3000 to 1900 BC). The citadel of Troy I was small, not more than 300 feet (90 m) in diameter. It was enclosed by a massive wall with gateways and flanking towers and contained perhaps 20 rectangular houses. Troy II was twice as large and had higher, sloping stone walls protecting an acropolis on which stood the king's palace and other princely residences, which were built of brick in a megaron plan. This city came to an end through fire, and Schliemann mistakenly identified it with Homer's Troy. In the "burnt layer's" debris were found a trove of gold jewelry and ornaments and gold, silver, copper, bronze, and ceramic vessels that Schliemann named "Priam's treasure." The burning of Troy II seems to have been followed by an economic decline; each of the citadels of Troy III, IV, and V was fortified and somewhat larger than its predecessor, but the houses inside the walls were much smaller and more closely packed than in Troy II.Troy VI and VII may be assigned to the Middle and Late Bronze Ages (c. 1900 to 1100 BC). Troy at this time had new and vigorous settlers who introduced domesticated horses to the Aegean area. They further enlarged the city and erected a magnificent circuit of cut limestone walls that were 15 feet (4.5 m) thick at the base, rose to a height of more than 17 feet (5 m), and had brick ramparts and watchtowers. Inside the citadel, which was now about 650 feet (200 m) long and 450 feet (140 m) wide, great houses were laid out on ascending, concentric terraces. Troy VI was destroyed by a violent earthquake a little after 1300 BC. Dörpfeld had identified this stage as Homeric Troy, but its apparent destruction by an earthquake does not agree with the realistic account of the sack of Troy in Greek tradition. Moreover, the city's date, as indicated by imported Mycenaean pottery found in the earthquake debris, is too early for the Trojan War. The survivors of the earthquake quickly rebuilt the town, thus inaugurating the short-lived Troy VIIa. The ruins were leveled and covered over by new buildings, which were set close together and filled all available space inside the fortress. Almost every house was provided with one or several huge storage jars that were sunk deep into the ground, with only their mouths above the level of the floor. Troy VIIa probably lasted little more than a generation. The crowding together of houses and the special measures to store up food supplies suggest that preparations had been made to withstand a siege. The town was destroyed in a devastating fire, and remnants of human bones found in some houses and streets strengthen the impression that the town was captured, looted, and burnt by enemies. Based on the evidence of imported Mycenaean pottery, the end of Troy VIIa can be dated to between 1260 and 1240 BC. The Cincinnati expedition under Blegen concluded that Troy VIIa was very likely the capital of King Priam described in Homer's Iliad, which was destroyed by the Greek armies of Agamemnon. The partly rebuilt Troy VIIb shows evidence of new settlers with a lower level of material culture, which vanished altogether by 1100 BC. For about the next four centuries the site was virtually abandoned. About 700 BC Greek settlers began to occupy the Troad. Troy was reoccupied and given the Hellenized name of Ilion; this Greek settlement is known as Troy VIII. The Romans sacked Ilion in 85 BC, but it was partially restored by the Roman general Sulla that same year. This Romanized town, known as Troy IX, received fine public buildings from the emperor Augustus and his immediate successors, who traced their ancestry back to the Trojan Aeneas. After the founding of Constantinople (ad 324), Ilion faded into obscurity. The Trojan War. The classical legends of the Trojan War developed continuously throughout Greek and Latin literature. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the earliest literary evidence available, the chief stories have already taken shape, and individual themes were elaborated later, especially in Greek drama. The story of the Trojan origin, through Aeneas, of Rome helped to inspire Roman interest; book ii of Virgil's Aeneid contains the best-known account of the sack of Troy. Finally there are the pseudo-chronicles that go under the names of Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius. The Trojan War fought between the Greeks and Troy originated in the following manner. King Priam of Troy was wealthy and powerful; by his wife Hecuba and by concubines he had 50 sons and 12 daughters. But his son Paris was invited to judge which of the goddesses Aphrodite, Hera, and Athena was entitled to receive the golden apple marked by the goddess Eris (Discord) "for the most beautiful." Aphrodite promised Paris the most beautiful woman in the world: he therefore awarded her the apple and went to Greece, where he won the love of, and eloped with, Helen, wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta. To recover Helen, the Greeks launched a great expedition under the overall command of Menelaus' brother, Agamemnon, king of Argos or Mycenae. The Trojans refused to return Helen. The Greeks sacked small towns in or near the Troad, but Troy, assisted by allies from Asia Minor and Thrace, withstood a Greek siege for 10 years. The gods also took sides, notably Hera, Athena, and Poseidon for the Greeks, and Aphrodite (who had a son, Aeneas, by the Trojan Anchises, grandson of Assaracus), Apollo, and Ares for the Trojans. The Iliad, which is set in the 10th year of the war, tells of the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles, who was the finest Greek warrior, and the consequent deaths in battle of (among others) Achilles' friend Patroclus and Priam's eldest son, Hector. After Hector's death the Trojans were joined by two exotic allies, Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons, and Memnon, king of the Ethiopians and son of the dawn-goddess Eos. Achilles killed both of these, but Paris then managed to kill Achilles with an arrow. Before they could take Troy, the Greeks had to steal from the citadel the wooden image of Pallas Athena (the Palladium) and fetch the arrows of Heracles and the sick archer Philoctetes from Lemnos and Achilles' son Neoptolemus (Pyrrhus) from Skyros; Odysseus and Diomedes achieved all these. Finally, with Athena's help, Epeius built a huge wooden horse. Several Greek warriors hid inside it; the rest of the Greek army sailed away to Tenedos, a nearby island, pretending to abandon the siege. Despite the warnings of Priam's daughter Cassandra, the Trojans were persuaded by Sinon, a Greek who feigned desertion, to take the horse inside the walls of Troy as an offering to Athena; the priest Laocoon, who tried to have the horse destroyed, was killed by sea serpents. At night the Greek fleet returned, and the Greeks from the horse opened the gates of Troy. In the total sack that followed, Priam and his remaining sons were slaughtered; the Trojan women passed into slavery in various cities of Greece. The adventurous homeward voyages of the Greek leaders were told in two epics, the Returns (Nostoi; lost) and Homer's Odyssey. The few Trojan survivors included Aeneas, whose descendants continued to rule the Trojans; later tradition took Aeneas' Trojans to Italy as the ancestors of the Romans. World History Center http://www.ucg.org/brp/materials/throne/appendices/ap3.html Moreover, the first-century Roman historian Tacitus wrote: "Some say that the Jews were fugitives from the island of Crete, who settled on the nearest coast of Africa about the time when Saturn was driven from his throne by the power of Jupiter [an apparent blending of myth with fact]. Evidence of this is sought in the name. There is a famous mountain in Crete called Ida; the neighboring tribe, the Idaei, came to be called Judaei by a barbarous [i.e., non-Greco-Roman] lengthening of the national name" (Tacitus, The Histories, Book 5, sec. 2, Great Books of the Western World, 1952, Vol. 15). So it would appear that the tribe of Judah was represented in the early Israelite immigration into Greece. Quoting a reputedly much older source, a Scottish publication from 1897 mentions Israelites in northwest Asia Minor around the time of the Exodus who were in alliance with the Greeks: "The Hebrews then built an altar to the Lord . . . [thanking Him for their deliverance from] the Egyptians. The king of Greece visited their camps with his Hebrew servant, telling them to build a city and fortify themselves against their enemies . . . [They then] commenced to build the city of Troy" (John MacLaren, The History of Ancient Caledonia, p. 4). Shocking though it seems, this may well be what happened. The royal house of Troy The traditional founder of Troy’s famed royal house was Dardanus, a few generations prior to Tros and Ilus: "Dardanus, in Greek legend, the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Electra, mythical founder of Dardania on the Hellespont [the nearby strait separating Dardania from Hellas or Greece now called the Dardanelles]. He was the ancestor of the Dardans of the Troad [the region surrounding Troy] . . . "According to tradition . . . Dardanus fled from Arcadia [in the middle of Mycenaean Greece] across the sea to Samothrace [a northern Aegean island]. When that island was visited by a flood, he crossed over to the Troad . . . Being hospitably received by Teucer (ruler of Phrygia), he married Teucer’s daughter Bateia and became the founder of the royal house of Troy" ("Dardanus," Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia, 1985, Vol. 3, p. 884). In his acclaimed Story of Civilization, historian Will Durant writes: "Who were the Trojans? An Egyptian papyrus mentions certain ‘Dardenui’ as among the allies of the Hittites at the battle of Kadesh (1287 [B.C.]); it is likely that these were the ancestors of the ‘Dardenoi’ who in Homer’s terminology are one with the Trojans. Probably these Dardani were of Balkan [Greek] origin, crossed the Hellespont in the sixteenth century [B.C., though the 15th is perhaps more likely] . . . Herodotus [Greek "father of history" of the fifth century B.C.], however, identified the Trojans with the Teucrians [note the eponymous King Teucer already mentioned], and the Teucrians, according to [the first-century-B.C. Greco-Roman geographer] Strabo, were Cretans who settled in the Troad, perhaps after the fall of Cnossus. Both Crete and the Troad had a sacred Mt. Ida" (Vol.2: The Life of Greece, 1966, p. 35). This is all becoming much clearer. Again, these people were evidently Israelites—most likely Judahites or Jews. Indeed, even many of the Mycenaean royal houses of southern Greece appear to have sprung from the royal lineage of Crete, which seems to have been Jewish. It is interesting to consider that, according to Homer, the shields of the Greek leaders in the Trojan War were decorated with heraldic eagles and lions. These were the Israelite tribal emblems of Dan and Judah respectively. The lion also appeared on the shields of the Trojans. This is made all the more compelling by the following quote from Biblical Archaeologist magazine: "Lions, we may remark, are not frequent in Greece" (March 1996, p. 17). And yet over the "Lion Gate" of Mycenae, an ancient relief of two very large lions flanking a pillar still greets tourists. Virtually the same emblem later appeared across the Aegean in Phrygia in western Turkey—on the rock-cut tomb of Arslantas ("Lion Stone") near Afyon. Perhaps this was due to the symbol being carried by Mycenaean royalty, which was later evidently transferred to Miletus—the Milesians then influencing neighboring Phrygia. Is it possible that in these emblems we are seeing the lion of Judah? Added to the intriguing possibility is this fact from a Harvard travel publication: "The excavated site of ancient Mycenae extends over a large tract of rough terrain tucked between Mt. Agios Elias to the north and Mt. Zara to the south" (Let’s Go Greece & Turkey, 1998, p. 146, emphasis added). In fact the royal palace sits right at the base of Mount Zara. Could Mycenaean royalty have been descended from Judah’s son Zerah or Zarah—the child of the scarlet thread? Zerah and the line of Dardanus Before answering that, we should first take another look at Trojan royalty. When all factors available to us are considered, it would seem that the founder of Troy’s ruling dynasty is not so mythical after all. Sir William Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible notes that the first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus used Dardanus as the Greek form of a biblical name: "Darda . . . Joseph.[us] Dardanos; Darda . . ." (1863, Vol. 1, p. 397). Darda, or Dara, is listed in Scripture as a son of Judah’s son Zerah—the same Zerah who had received the scarlet thread upon his wrist in Genesis 38. "The sons of Zerah were Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara—five of them in all" (1 Chronicles 2:6). In 1 Kings 4:31, he is called Darda: "For [Solomon] was wiser than all men—than Ethan the Ezrahite [i.e., Zerahite or Zarhite], and Heman, Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol; and his fame was in all the surrounding nations." Yet how could some of these men be sons of Mahol if they were sons of Zerah? A clue occurs in the title of Psalm 89, which gives the author as Ethan the Ezrahite—who obviously lived after David since the psalm speaks of God’s covenant with David and even of later transgression by David’s successors. Therefore, it would appear that the "sons" of Zerah in 1 Chronicles 2:6 must actually mean the descendants of Zerah—which is common usage of the word "sons" in the Bible. And "five of them in all" must mean that among the extended "family of the Zarhites" (Numbers 26:20), there were five who were spoken of together as having a great reputation for wisdom and accomplishment. That Solomon is noted to have outclassed them speaks volumes about them as well. They were undoubtedly internationally famous people who had carried out great exploits. That the five, including Darda, are not immediate sons of Zerah takes care of a potential discrepancy in this whole identification, since Greek tradition mentions a brother of Dardanus named Jasius or Iasion, who was either killed by Dardanus or struck by lightning (Encyclopaedia Britannica, p. 884). If the five sons of Zerah are descendants of Zerah, this matter is easily resolved. It is also interesting to note that while the genealogy of the Perez branch of Judah’s family is given in great detail for many generations in Scripture, the genealogical record of Zerah’s family is what you see above—that’s it except for a named son of Ethan (1 Chronicles 2:8) and the infamous Achan of Joshua’s day being listed along with his father and grandfather (verse 7; Joshua 7:17-18, 24). This lack of information perhaps suggests that most of Zerah’s descendants were no longer present with the main body of the nation. Perhaps they became upset with their secondary status behind Perez, believing it unfair because of the incident with the scarlet thread and Perez’s breach. Whatever the reason, they appear to have migrated elsewhere. Yet could the biblical Darda truly be the founder of Troy? What of Dardanus’ descent from the Greek god Zeus? A number of royal genealogies based on Homer describe the descent of Trojan royalty as follows: Cronus (or Kronos) – Zeus – Dardanus – Erichthonius – Tros – Ilus – Laomedon – Priam (the king of Troy at the time of the Trojan War in Homer’s Iliad). While this lineage might appear entirely mythical, it should be realized that some ancient myths about the "gods" were actually rooted in stories about real people. In fact, many pagan religions began, in part, as ancestor and hero worship (see Thomas Bulfinch, Bulfinch’s Mythology, "Stories of God’s and Heroes," chap. 25: "Origin of Mythology," 1855, 1979). With that in mind, it is rather surprising to discover what the ancient Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon (or Sanchoniatho)—who is believed to have lived around the 1200s B.C. (though some put him a few centuries later)—had to say about the identity of Cronus. But first it should be recognized that all material from Sanchuniathon "is derived from the works of Philo of Byblos (flourished AD 100), who claimed to have translated his Phoenicica from the original text. The authenticity of that claim has been questioned, but excavations at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) in Syria in 1929 revealed Phoenician documents supporting much of Sanchuniathon’s information on Phoenician mythology and religious beliefs" ("Sanchuniathon," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1985, Vol. 10, p. 404). The writings of Sanchuniathon, as we have them, mention the Greek "Kronos, whom the Phoenicians call Israel . . . He circumcised himself, and forced his allies to do the same" (I.P. Cory, Ancient Fragments, 1828). Israel, as earlier stated, was the new name given to the biblical patriarch Jacob. And the Phoenician historian further explained that this Kronos or Israel had a special son named Jehud or Yehud. This is simply a shortened form of the Hebrew Yehudah, that is, Judah: ". . . evidence of the extent of Judah [later in the fifth century B.C.] are the seal impressions on storage jars . . . on which appear the name ‘Yehud’ in various forms" (Yohanan Aharoni and Michael Avi-Yonah, The Macmillan Bible Atlas, 1977, p. 109). Since the primary son of the Greek Cronus (Roman Saturn) was Zeus (Roman Jupiter), then Jehud would be the same as Zeus. Indeed, the word Zeus (Zhe-ut) may actually derive from Yehud—as the Roman Jupiter or Iupiter appears to derive from the Greek Zeus-pater or Zheut-pater (pater meaning "father"). Of course, a great deal of Babylonian paganism was overlaid onto these historical characters, creating the false gods of Greek and Roman mythology (see Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons, 1916, 1959). Thus, stripped of mythological embellishment, Dardanus son of Zeus son of Kronos is Darda son of Judah son of Israel. Actually, Darda was the grandson, great-grandson or later descendant of Judah—as the word "son" can be interpreted. In any case, Darda was, in fact, a descendant of Judah through the line of Zerah. Incredibly, an examination of the genealogies of the royal families of Europe shows that nearly all of them trace their lineage back to the house of Troy (see James Anderson, Royal Genealogies or the Genealogical Tables of Emperors, Kings, and Princes, from Adam to These Times, 1736; W.M.H. Milner, The Royal House of Britain: An Enduring Dynasty, 1902). Thus, the scepter did indeed remain with Judah as prophesied. For from the line of Perez came the royal house of David, while from the Zerah line came the royal house of Troy. Yet Troy’s wasn’t the only royal line from Zerah	Son of Zahar King of Arcadia DARA\DARDANUS
34	The Davises were supposed to be mixed blood (part Cherokee) pioneers on Sand Mountain	Jane Virginia DAVIS
35	A daughter by his first wife, a white woman, is said to have disavowed her father because he married an Indian woman. After the death of his new father-in-law Arthur Burns, William Alexander Davis became chief of the Cherokee in Jackson County, inheriting the North Sauty reservation near Blowing Cave comprising 640 acres. He sold this just before the Cherokee removal. (Source: The Heritage of Jackson Co., Alabama). In 1838, the family went over the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma. Descendants of William Alexander Davis are from Jim Hicks, Cherokee genealogist.	William Alexander DAVIS
36	William Davis was a Revolutionary War soldier, perhaps the same as the William Davis who applied for pension money in Fleming Co., Ky. in 1818 & 1819, giving his age as 60. This Davis family would appear to be Sephardic Jewish (Melungeon), early mixed with Indian. Gen. John Sevier (governor of Tennessee, 1796-1801, another Sephardic Jew) listed "Davis" as a prominent Chickamauga chief. His son William Alexander Davis also became a chief, marrying the daughter of Chief Arthur Burns. On William Davis' tombstone in Proctor Cemetery, Maynards Cove, Jackson Co., Ala. is: Alabama Pvt Lindsy's Va Regt. Rev. War. According to secondhand information, "In his pension application William Davis stated that he was acquainted with Col. James Lewis in Albemarle County, VA who resided later in Franklin Co, TN. A letter from Col. Lewis stated that he and William Davis were boys in the same neighborhood. The history of Albemarle County, VA gives the location of Col. James Lewis' residence as being on the western part of the present University of Virginia. William Davis also stated in his pension application that he lived in Albemarle County, VA at the time of his enlistment." William Davis lived to be 95. His forebears were a James Davis or Edward who migrated with Robert Looney, Alexander Ross and Morgan Bryan from Virginia to the Holston River in 1734. In 1787, he signed the State of Franklin petition as William Daves, and he appears on the 1790 tax list in Hawkins Co., Tenn. William Davis, age 45+, is found on the 1810 Kentucky census for Garrard Co., Lancaster Twp. with wife 45+ and three daughters, next to Edward Davis, Sr. and Edward Davis, Jr. (presumably his younger brother and nephew). He was gone by 1820. The Proctors were also there. The Davis Cemetery in Langston is apparently named after Wilson Davis, an unrelated family. Headstone at Cedar Hill Cemetery, Jackson County, Alabama reads: WILLIAM DAVIS 1753 1848 VIRGINIA PVT LINDSEYS REGT VA TRPS REVOLUTIONARY WAR At Cedar Hill Cemetery, William is buried between Jeremiah Proctor b. 1777 d. 1839 and Jane Proctor b. 1-7-1786 d. 1-18-1865.	William Jr DAVIS
37	Duke Ansigise is also known as Anchises, Ansegisel and Ansegilius.	Mayor of Palace Ansigise DE AUSTRASIA
38	Bishop of Metz and is also known as Arnold, Arnulf and Arnuiph. He was a member of the court of the Frankish king Theodebert (II) of Austrasia. A noble, Arnoself married Doda, and their son was Ansegisel. Doda became a nun, and Arnulf made plans to enter a monastery but was named the bishop of Metz around 616. He continued his court services, making Clotaire of Neustria the king of Austrasia. He also served as counsellor to Dagobert, King Clotaire's son. In 626, Arnulf retired to a hermitage at Remiremont, France. His feastday is July 18. St. Arnoself and Clothilde had a son: Ansigise	Mayor of Palace St. Arnoself DE AUSTRASIA
39	http://www.geneajourney.com/bchmp1.html	Elizabeth DE BEAUCHAMP
40	JEAN II 1286-1305 JEAN de Bretagne, son of JEAN I Duke of Brittany & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra [Champagne] (3/4 Jan 1239-Lyon 16 Nov 1305, bur Ploërmel, Morbihan, église Notre dame du couvent des Carmes). Earl of Richmond 1268, when his father resigned the earldom. He accompanied his father and Louis IX King of France on the Crusade in 1270. William of Tyre (Continuation) records the arrival in Palestine of "Johan filz le conte de Bretaigne" 14 Sep 1272[268]. He succeeded his father in 1286 as JEAN II Duke of Brittany, Papal recognition 1 Sep 1288. Philippe IV King of France confirmed his title of duke of Brittany at Courtrai Sep 1297. Pair de France. King Edward I of England confiscated his English possessions in 1296, for supporting the French, but these were restored to him 1 May 1304. He was killed by a falling wall, while leading the Pope's horse during the consecration of Pope Clement V. m (contract 13 Oct 1260, église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint Denis Nov 1260, Westminster Abbey [25 Dec] 1260) BEATRIX of England, daughter of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (Bordeaux 25 Jun 1242-London 24 Mar 1275, maybe bur Reading Abbey, transferred to Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1260 of "Johannes filius comitis Britanniæ" and "Beatricem filiam regis Angliæ"[269]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records the marriage “apud Westmonasterium” in 1259 of “Johannem filium et hæredum comitis Britanniæ” and “Beatriciam filiam regis”[270]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death in 1275 of "Margareta regina Scotie et Beatrix comitissa Britanniæ, filiæ Henrici"[271]. Duke Jean II & his wife had six children: JEAN II 1286-1305 JEAN de Bretagne, son of JEAN I Duke of Brittany & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra [Champagne] (3/4 Jan 1239-Lyon 16 Nov 1305, bur Ploërmel, Morbihan, église Notre dame du couvent des Carmes). Earl of Richmond 1268, when his father resigned the earldom. He accompanied his father and Louis IX King of France on the Crusade in 1270. William of Tyre (Continuation) records the arrival in Palestine of "Johan filz le conte de Bretaigne" 14 Sep 1272[268]. He succeeded his father in 1286 as JEAN II Duke of Brittany, Papal recognition 1 Sep 1288. Philippe IV King of France confirmed his title of duke of Brittany at Courtrai Sep 1297. Pair de France. King Edward I of England confiscated his English possessions in 1296, for supporting the French, but these were restored to him 1 May 1304. He was killed by a falling wall, while leading the Pope's horse during the consecration of Pope Clement V. m (contract 13 Oct 1260, église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint Denis Nov 1260, Westminster Abbey [25 Dec] 1260) BEATRIX of England, daughter of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (Bordeaux 25 Jun 1242-London 24 Mar 1275, maybe bur Reading Abbey, transferred to Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1260 of "Johannes filius comitis Britanniæ" and "Beatricem filiam regis Angliæ"[269]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records the marriage “apud Westmonasterium” in 1259 of “Johannem filium et hæredum comitis Britanniæ” and “Beatriciam filiam regis”[270]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death in 1275 of "Margareta regina Scotie et Beatrix comitissa Britanniæ, filiæ Henrici"[271]. Duke Jean II & his wife had six children: JEAN II 1286-1305 JEAN de Bretagne, son of JEAN I Duke of Brittany & his wife Infanta doña Blanca de Navarra [Champagne] (3/4 Jan 1239-Lyon 16 Nov 1305, bur Ploërmel, Morbihan, église Notre dame du couvent des Carmes). Earl of Richmond 1268, when his father resigned the earldom. He accompanied his father and Louis IX King of France on the Crusade in 1270. William of Tyre (Continuation) records the arrival in Palestine of "Johan filz le conte de Bretaigne" 14 Sep 1272[268]. He succeeded his father in 1286 as JEAN II Duke of Brittany, Papal recognition 1 Sep 1288. Philippe IV King of France confirmed his title of duke of Brittany at Courtrai Sep 1297. Pair de France. King Edward I of England confiscated his English possessions in 1296, for supporting the French, but these were restored to him 1 May 1304. He was killed by a falling wall, while leading the Pope's horse during the consecration of Pope Clement V. m (contract 13 Oct 1260, église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint Denis Nov 1260, Westminster Abbey [25 Dec] 1260) BEATRIX of England, daughter of HENRY III King of England & his wife Eléonore de Provence (Bordeaux 25 Jun 1242-London 24 Mar 1275, maybe bur Reading Abbey, transferred to Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1260 of "Johannes filius comitis Britanniæ" and "Beatricem filiam regis Angliæ"[269]. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records the marriage “apud Westmonasterium” in 1259 of “Johannem filium et hæredum comitis Britanniæ” and “Beatriciam filiam regis”[270]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death in 1275 of "Margareta regina Scotie et Beatrix comitissa Britanniæ, filiæ Henrici"[271]. Duke Jean II & his wife had six children:	Duke Jean DE BRETAGNE, II
41	JEAN I 1237-1286 JEAN de Bretagne, son of PIERRE I Duke of Brittany & his first wife Alix de Thouars Dss of Brittany ([1217/18]-Château de l'Isle, Férel, Morbihan 8 Oct 1286, bur Prières, église abbatiale de Notre Dame). The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the birth in 1217 of "Johannes filius Petri Comitis et Aelidis Comitissæ Britanniæ"[263]. The Chronicon Britannicum records the birth in 1218 of "Johannes, filius Petri Ducis Britanniæ"[264]. On his marriage his father-in-law declared Jean as his heir in Navarre, even if he subsequently had a male heir. After his majority, his father resigned the duchy and Jean swore allegiance to Louis IX King of France in Paris 16 Nov 1237 as JEAN I "le Roux" Duke of Brittany, Seigneur de Pontarcy, de Brie-Comte-Robert et de la Fère-en-Tardenois. Seigneur de Muzillac [1250]. He renounced his rights to Navarre for an annuity of 3,000 livres, by agreement 1254. Châtellain de Dinan 1264-1265. Seigneur de Hédé, de Hennedon-le-Viel, de Léon et de la Roche-Derrien 1265. Vicomte de Gourin [1265]. Henry III King of England restored him as Earl of Richmond at Woodstock 15 Jul 1268, but he immediately surrendered the earldom to his son. He accompanied Louis IX King of France on the Second Crusade 1270. Comte de Penthièvre, Seigneur de Lavaux 1272. Comte de Léon 1276. m (contract Château-Thierry, Aisne 16 Jan 1236) Infanta doña BLANCA de Navarra, daughter of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre [THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne] & his second wife Agnès de Beaujeu (1226-château de Hédé, Ille-et-Vilaine 11/12 Aug 1283, bur Hennebont, Morbihan, Abbaye cistercienne de Notre dame de la Joie). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Agnes comitissa Campanie" left an only daughter but does not name her[265]. The marriage contract between “P. dux Britannie comes Richerimontis…Johanni de Britannia filio nostro” and “Theobaldus…rex Navarre, Campanie et Brie comes palatinus…filiam suam domiscellam Blancham” is dated 16 Jan 1236[266]. She founded the Abbaye de la Joie near Hennebont [1270], where she was later buried. The necrology of the Abbaye des Clairets records the death "IV Id Sep" of "Blancha comitissa Britannie"[267]. Duke Jean I & his wife had eight children:	Jean I Leroux DE BRETAGNE
42		Prince of Bretagne Pierre DE BRETAGNE
43	CONAN I 970-992 CONAN de Rennes, son of JUDICAËL [Juhael] Comte de Rennes & his wife Gerberge --- (-killed in battle Conquereil 27 Jun 992). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Conano filio Judicael Berengarii Redonensi comite" when recording that he held a large part of Brittany from Thibaut [II] Comte de Blois and fought with Hoël Comte de Nantes[96]. His parentage is confirmed by the Chronico Sancti Michaelis which records the death of his grandson "Gaufridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii" in 1008[97]. Comte de Rennes. He succeeded in [970] as CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany. Rodulfus Glaber records that Conan "crowned himself with a royal diadem", was defeated by his brother-in-law Foulques Comte d'Anjou, and surrendered after his right hand had been cut off[98]. The Chronico Sancti Michaelis records that "Conanus Brito…filius Juhelli Berengarii" was killed in battle "V Kal Jul 992" against Foulques Comte d'Anjou[99]. The Chronicle of Nantes reports that he was killed at the battle of Conquereuil[100], dated "992 V Kal Jul" in the Chronicon britannicum[101 m (973) ERMENGARDE d'Anjou, daughter of GEOFFROY I "Grisegonelle" Comte d'Anjou & his first wife Adela de Meaux [Vermandois-Carolingian] (before 965-after 982). Rodulfus Glaber records that Conan married the sister of Foulques of Anjou but does not name her[102]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Mistresses (1) - (x): ---. The names of Duke Conan's mistresses are not known. Duke Conan I & his wife had five children: 1. GEOFFROY de Bretagne ([980]-20 Nov 1008). His parentage is confirmed by the Chronico Sancti Michaelis which records that "Gaufridus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii" died in 1008 "dum pergeret Romam causa orationis"[103]. He succeeded his father in 992 as GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany. - see below. 2. JUDITH de Bretagne (982-16 Jun 1017). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage at Mont Saint-Michel of Duke Richard and Judith sister of "Geoffroi comte des Bretons"[104]. According to Orderic Vitalis, Judith founded the abbey of Bernay, Eure in 1025[105], but this date is inconsistent with her date of death and her husband's second marriage. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Judith…"[106]. m (Mont Saint-Michel [1000]) as his first wife, RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Comte de Normandie, son of RICHARD I "Sans-Peur" Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora (-28 Aug 1027). 3. JUDICAËL (-1037). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1026 which recalls that "Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius" was killed "apud Concuruz prelium", witnessed by "Judicael et Hurwodius duo fratres ipsius"[107]. Comte de Porhoët. 4. CATUALON . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbé de Redon. 5. HURNOD [Urvod] de Bretagne (-after 1026). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1026 which recalls that "Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius" was killed "apud Concuruz prelium", witnessed by "Judicael et Hurwodius duo fratres ipsius"[108]. Duke Conan I had four illegitimate children by Mistresses (1) - (x): 6. ALAIN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 7. JUDICAËL dit Glanderius . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 8. son . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 9. son . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.	Conan I De Rennes DE BRITTANY
44	Brittany has a long tradition of separate development from the rest of France. It successfully opposed integration into Roman Gaul, as vividly characterised by Goscinny and Uderzo[1]. Even after 1213, when the ducal title passed to a younger branch of the Capet-Dreux family, the duchy remained autonomous from the Capetian crown, although increased contact with other parts of France from this time onwards is reflected in the greater number of marriages between the ducal family and other French nobility. It was not until 1514, with the death of Anne Duchess of Brittany who had retained government of the duchy under the terms of the contract for her third marriage with Louis XII King of France, that the territory was finally integrated under the French crown, the last of the French provinces to do so. Semi-legendary “histories” of early Brittany were woven from sparse facts and elements of Arthurian legend. An example can be found in the “Grandes Chroniques de Bretaigne”, written in 1514 by Alain Bouchart[2], an entertaining read which is virtually worthless from a historical point of view. These histories are as extensive as the similar early quasi-histories fabricated in the late 12th/early 13th centuries in the Icelandic Sagas in respect of the Scandinavian countries. Nevertheless, some fact can be distinguished from the legend, as primary sources do refer to rulers in Brittany by name as early as the 7th century. For example, the Chronicle of Fredegar (written somewhat later) records that “Iudicaile rex Brittanorum” submitted to Dagobert I King of the Franks in [635] and undertook to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Frankish kings[3]. The line between truth and fiction is therefore impossible to draw, as is the case with the early history of ruling dynasties in many other medieval European states. More reliable information relating to Brittany is found in primary sources from the early 9th century. From this time, an outline reconstruction of the families of the dukes of Brittany is possible, starting with Wihomarc whose rebellion against the Carolingian Franks is recorded by Einhard in 825[4]. The rulers of Brittany in the 9th and 10th centuries were members of eight separate families. These different families intermarried, but no common ancestry can be traced from the available primary sources. It is assumed that each family enjoyed local control in different parts of the duchy, and that each in turn assumed central authority depending on which leader could best manipulate the political situation at the time. The sources show local counts in Poher (Chapter 12) and Rennes (Chapter 14) from the late 9th century, but it has not been possible to link the other families with defined geographical areas based on the sources which have so far been consulted. The dukes of Brittany from the early 9th century until 1213, all descended from Breton families, are shown in Chapter 1. Between 919 and 937, the Vikings expelled the local Breton rulers and installed themselves as rulers of Brittany at Nantes. Brittany was liberated from Viking rule in 936 with help from Æthelstan King of England who enabled Alain II “Barbetorte”, from the family of the comtes de Poher, to establish himself as duke of Brittany. In 1213, the duchy was inherited by Pierre de Dreux, a younger son of Robert [II] Comte de Dreux [Capet], who had married Alix de Thouars, heiress of Brittany and daughter of Constance, the last native ruler of Brittany. His descendants ruled Brittany until the death of duchess Anne in 1514 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm He swore allegiance at Paris 27 Jan 1213 to Philippe II "Auguste" King of France as PIERRE I "Mauclerc" Duke of Brittany. Comte de Penthièvre by annexation 1214. He was created Earl of Richmond by Henry III King of England 16 Jan 1219 (confiscated Nov 1224, restored Oct 1229, confiscated again Jan 1235). “Johannes comes Matisconensis” names “frater meus P. comes Britannie” in a charter dated Aug 1234[248]. He surrendered the duchy of Brittany to his son in 1237, after which he called himself PIERRE de Braine. He accompanied King Louis IX on crusade in 1249 and was captured at Faraskur 6 Apr 1250, after being wounded at the battle of Mansurah. He died at sea on his return to western Europe. m firstly ([Mar 1213/Oct 1214]) ALIX de Thouars Dss of Brittany, daughter of GUY de Thouars & his second wife Constance Dss of Brittany ([1201]-21 Oct 1221, bur 24 Nov 1225 Villeneuve-les-Nantes, Abbaye de Notre-Dame). The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ names "Adelicia" as the daughter of "Constantia filia Conani" and her third husband "Guidoni de Thoarcio", stating that she married "domno Petro Mauclerc"[249]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "unam filiam Mabiliam" as the child of "Constantiam comitis Conani filia" and her [third] husband "Guido frater vicecomitem de Tuart"[250]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records that daughter of Guy de Thouars and Constance de Bretagne married "Pierre Mauclerc, fils de Robert comte de Dreux"[251]. A Chronicon Comitum Pictaviæ et Aquitaniæ Ducum names "Alipsam et Catherinam" as the two daughters of "Wido…comes de Thoarcio" and "Constantiam Gaufridi Ducis Britanniæ relictam", stating that Alix married "Petro Comiti Drocarum"[252]. The Chronicon Britannicum records the death "XII Kal Nov" in 1221 of "Aalis Ducissa Britanniæ"[253]. Betrothed (before 21 Jul 1229) to [MARIE] de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES I King of Cyprus & his wife Alix of Jerusalem Ctss of Jaffa ([before 1215]-[1251/53]). A Papal prohibition on the marriage between "comes Britannie" and "filiam reginam Cypri", by reason of 4o consanguinity, is dated at Pérouse 21 Jul 1229[254]. It is not known which daughter was betrothed to the Duke of Brittany, but it is a reasonable assumption that it was Marie who was the older of the two. m secondly ([1230]) NICOLE --- (-Feb 1232, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, Abbaye de Notre-Dame). m thirdly (before Jan 1236) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Commequiers Dame de Montaigu et de La Garnache[-en-Poitou], widow of HUGUES de Thouars Seigneur de Montaigu, daughter of MAURICE [II] Seigneur de Commequiers et de Montaigu & his wife Elvis Dame de La Garnache ([1188/90]-after 27 Nov 1241). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm	Pierre Maudare DE DREUX
45	Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia, and as such, was the virtual ruler of France. After the death of his father (714) he seized power in Austrasia from Pepin's widow, who was ruling as regent for her grandsons, and became mayor of the palace. He subsequently subdued the W Frankish kingdom of Neustria and began the reconquest of Burgundy, Aquitaine, and Provence. Charles Martel defeated the Spanish Muslims at the battle of Tours (732–33) and began the military campaigns that reestablished the Franks as the rulers of Gaul. Although he never assumed the title of king, he divided the Frankish lands, like a king, between his sons Pepin the Short and Carloman.	Charles Martel DE HERISTAL
46	Begga was the daughter of Pépin the Old of Landen who was Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia in 623 and a counsellor of Dagobert (I), King of Austrasia. St. Bégue's mother was St. Itta. On the death of her husband in the year 691, St. Bégue built a church and convent at Andenne on the Meuse River and died there. Her feast day is December 17th. Duke Ansigise and St. Bégue had a son: Pépin	St. Bégue or Begga DE LANDEN
47	Pierrekins, the son of Pierre, etc. In the reign of Richard II. Pierre de Morlaix, or Morley, probably a Norman from the town of Morlaix, in France, was high steward of the estates of Hugo Despencer, who was at that time one of the richest and most powerful nobles of England. This Pierre de Morlaix had by his wife, Agnes Taylor, a son Henry, who, on the death of his father, was known as Henry Pierrekin, or Henry the son of Pierre. He succeeded to the stewardship, and had a son John who in time became steward and wrote his name John Perkins, and sometimes Perkyns, armiger. This John Perkins, esquire, was Lord of the manor of Madrasfield as well as steward of the Despencers, and it is believed that he was the first who bore for his arms, the fesse dancette between six billets. John Perkins, armiger, was living during the reign of Henry VI and held that position of high steward when the heiress of that famous family married the king-making Earl of Warwick. In the numerous transfers of land which he was called upon to make at the time, he sometimes signed his name Perkyns and sometimes Perkins, and some of his descendants, now living in England, sign themselves Parkyns or Parkins. This coat of arms of the Perkins family was taken from a deed of land in Ipswich, Mass., from Dr. John Perkins and wife to John Wainwright of Ipswich, and bears date of 1725, and was of right used by Dr. Perkins and his family, who were then British subjects. This is the same arms as is found upon memorial tablets in churches in England at this day… Pierrekins, the son of Pierre, etc. In the reign of Richard II. Pierre de Morlaix, or Morley, probably a Norman from the town of Morlaix, in France, was high steward of the estates of Hugo Despencer, who was at that time one of the richest and most powerful nobles of England. This Pierre de Morlaix had by his wife, Agnes Taylor, a son Henry, who, on the death of his father, was known as Henry Pierrekin, or Henry the son of Pierre. He succeeded to the stewardship, and had a son John who in time became steward and wrote his name John Perkins, and sometimes Perkyns, armiger. This John Perkins, esquire, was Lord of the manor of Madrasfield as well as steward of the Despencers, and it is believed that he was the first who bore for his arms, the fesse dancette between six billets. John Perkins, armiger, was living during the reign of Henry VI and held that position of high steward when the heiress of that famous family married the king-making Earl of Warwick. In the numerous transfers of land which he was called upon to make at the time, he sometimes signed his name Perkyns and sometimes Perkins, and some of his descendants, now living in England, sign themselves Parkyns or Parkins. This coat of arms of the Perkins family was taken from a deed of land in Ipswich, Mass., from Dr. John Perkins and wife to John Wainwright of Ipswich, and bears date of 1725, and was of right used by Dr. Perkins and his family, who were then British subjects. This is the same arms as is found upon memorial tablets in churches in England at this day… Pierrekins, the son of Pierre, etc. In the reign of Richard II. Pierre de Morlaix, or Morley, probably a Norman from the town of Morlaix, in France, was high steward of the estates of Hugo Despencer, who was at that time one of the richest and most powerful nobles of England. This Pierre de Morlaix had by his wife, Agnes Taylor, a son Henry, who, on the death of his father, was known as Henry Pierrekin, or Henry the son of Pierre. He succeeded to the stewardship, and had a son John who in time became steward and wrote his name John Perkins, and sometimes Perkyns, armiger. This John Perkins, esquire, was Lord of the manor of Madrasfield as well as steward of the Despencers, and it is believed that he was the first who bore for his arms, the fesse dancette between six billets. John Perkins, armiger, was living during the reign of Henry VI and held that position of high steward when the heiress of that famous family married the king-making Earl of Warwick. In the numerous transfers of land which he was called upon to make at the time, he sometimes signed his name Perkyns and sometimes Perkins, and some of his descendants, now living in England, sign themselves Parkyns or Parkins. This coat of arms of the Perkins family was taken from a deed of land in Ipswich, Mass., from Dr. John Perkins and wife to John Wainwright of Ipswich, and bears date of 1725, and was of right used by Dr. Perkins and his family, who were then British subjects. This is the same arms as is found upon memorial tablets in churches in England at this day…	Peter Perkin DE MORLEAUX
48	The first Quarles I know of is Turstin Filius Widonis (Thurstan FitzGuy) who was granted the land of Quarles in the Norfolk area in 1086. The name started out as Hueruerles with the ‘H’ being pronounced with the hard Saxon ‘ch’ like in the word loch and written as Querueles. His descendents and the inhabitants of the small village are believed to have adopted the use of ‘de Quarles’ as ‘of Quarles’ over the years. The settlement never really reached full village status, and the small abbey founded there was abandoned by the 1500’s. My half of the family had to flee the Black Death around the mid 1300’s and settled in the Holt/Gresham area. The first mention of Quarles, as it is shown here, is in 1216. It is a land fee paid by Ralph Quarles, son of Robert Quarles. I have also found a mention of Simon Quarles, son of John Quarles in 1190, possibly a great grand-child of Thurstan FitzGuy de Quarles, although I have not found real concrete evidence of this particular link. The first known official Quarles, in the Angle-Saxon tongue, Turstin Filius Widonis de Quarles, (Thurstan FitzGuy de Quarles), appearing in 1086. John Quarles birth. The small area of Quarles was granted as a manor to Turstin Filius Widonis, in the Angle Saxon Middle German tongue, roughly translated as Thurstan FitzGuy. The Quarles name is a topographical reference to the chalk rock quarries in the area. The name has gone through several changes. The original spelling was Hueruerles with the "h" being pronounced with a hard "ch." The people of the area were known as De Quarles, or of Quarles. As to the origins of the people of the Quarles area, Norfolk was a province of the Angle Saxon Empire. When the Romans finally began to pull out and eventually left entirely, the German Migrations era produced a wave of especially combative groups that left the Angle peninsula and crossed over into the eastern part of the UK, now known as England. They got a foot hold in and eventually pushed the Britionians back and they pushed the Welsh up into the Scots. They eventually settled down and their culture became more agri based. They lasted for a couple of hundred years, repelling waves of different types of Vikings. What did them in were the Normans. After a series of battles lasting several years the final blow came at the Battle of Hastings. The Brits offered to help repel them. With the majority of the Angle Saxon warriors and their king dead, the Brits eventually helped win the war, but then promptly absorbed the empire. They let the basic governing system of the Heptarchy remain, but their loyalty was to Briton. Our ancestors helped create the modern English language; they are the people of Beowulf. They worshipped Odin, Thor, and the rest of the Scandinavian pantheon, along with the Swedish, the Danes, and many other German tribes, until Christianity came along. Even now in the Norfolk area there are dialects of English that the rest of the UK can barely understand.	Turstin Filius Widonis DE QUARLES
49	http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cnoelldunc/Ancient/Troy/D1.htm#i1604	SonKing Plesarius III King DILULIUS\DILUGLIOII
50	Lt. Died in French & Indian War	Abel FARRAR
51	Step mom to Abby	Ciziah Kesiah "Kissie" FORRESTER
52	The descent from this elder Black Fox is "a likely scenario." Jerry Wright Jordan in Cherokee by Blood comments on the linkage between the Blackfox name and White: Let's look at the Henry Blackfox family, all of them full-blood Cherokees. Henry Blackfox applied to the Guion Miller Roll of Eastern Cherokee, application 5441. On his application summary is the following: "Henry Blackfox and 1 child, Southwest City, MO. Admitted. Applicant and his parents enrolled in 1851 by Drennen, Delaware 796." When we look at the Drennen Roll of 1851 in the Delaware District, Group 796, we find: Black Fox [5441] Nancy [5441] Oo-na-gah or Henry [5441] The numbers in the [] beside the names appear on the copy of the Drennen Roll which Guion Miller used in checking the applicants. The numbers were placed there by Mr. Miller or his associates. They do not appear on the original roll. You will notice that number "5441" is the Miller application number of Henry. So, in 1851, Henry was known as Oo-na-gah or Henry and his father was Black Fox. All is well so far, but let's check further. Henry Blackfox has a Dawes number as does his wife and children, BUT YOU WON'T FIND HENRY BLACKFOX ON THE DAWES ROLL. Why is that? Because on the Dawes Roll he is enrolled under the name Henry WHITE. How did we get WHITE from BLACKFOX and then back to BLACKFOX? I don't know. There may be an explanation on Henry's Application, or on his Dawes Roll packet. But the point is this: His father's name was "Black Fox." Henry, at some point and time, took the last name WHITE and was still going by WHITE at the time he applied to the Dawes Commission. Then between that time (1896) and 1906 he began going by the name BLACKFOX. According to family legends, Chief Black Fox took his last annuity at Creek Path in 1810 and disappeared into Ohio, where he assumed the name Henry White. White may actually have been a translation of the Hebrew surname Lebon, which was Henry Cooper's middle name. Thus Isaac Cooper and Nancy Black Fox may have been cousins. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dpanther&id=I15512	Black FOX
53	Black Fox is listed as a lieutenant of Chief Dragging Canoe, 1788-1790. He signed the Holston Treaty, July 2, 1791(but not the stipulation of February 7, 1792) and delivered the funeral oration for his brother-in-law Dragging Canoe. Black Fox was chief of the lower town of Ustanali and became principal chief of the Cherokee after the death of Little Turkey in 1802. Black Fox signed the October 20, 1803 agreement for opening a road through the Cherokee Nation as "Principal Chief." He signed the Oct. 27, 1805, Jan. 7, 1806 and Sept. 11, 1807 treaties. On March 3, 1807, the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives enacted a statute at large giving "the Cherokee chief, called Black Fox" a life annuity of $100. He sided with Chief Doublehead during the rebellion of 1806-1810 and was deposed for it, with Pathkiller taking his place. On April 18, 1810, he and others signed an act of the Cherokee Nation abolishing clan revenge. After this he was reinstated as principal chief. He last received his $100 stipend by proxy on July 11, 1810; the agent Return J. Meigs referred to him as "Black Fox Cherokee King." Younger chiefs forged his name to certain treaties and acts. He died in 1811 and was buried in an ancient tomb on the boundary between Cherokee and Creek lands in Blount Co., Ala. His name was carried on by the Black Fox who signed the treaty of 1828 and emigrated west. Some descendants who remained in the East apparently shortened the name to Black. Mary Ann Black the wife of William Davis, another chief, may also have been a daughter of Black Fox. A sister married John Looney of the family that established the Looney Tavern, near where Black Fox was eventually entombed. Chief John Looney was thus a nephew of Black Fox (in the female line) and regarded Black Fox as the head of his family. There are rumors that a Black Fox changed his name to Henry White and moved from Alabama to Ohio. Black Fox's hunting camp was on the Stones River near Murphreesboro, Tenn. and is mentioned on a map of 1783. Black Fox in Cherokee (Inola, Enoli) designates the medium-sized fur-bearing animal known as the fisher, a type of martin; also a very secretive catlike animal that lives in caves. The red or gray fox is called "chula." There is a historical Black Fox Crossing over the Clinch River between Claibourne and Grainger Co., Tenn., now covered by Lake Norris. Several places bear the name Black Fox in Bradley Co., Tenn. A Black Fox Camp Springs is noted near Dilton and Murfreesboro in Rutherford Co.; it was the edge of the Cumberland Settlement in 1793. A story is told about Black Fox in Notable Southern Families. It is said he formerly hunted and camped at the magnificent spring on Stones River not far from Murfreesboro. "Once he was pursued to this place, and rather than be caught be the soldiers, sprang into the water and disappeared from sight. The soldiers believed him to be lost, but by an underground channel, he came to surface again at Murfree's Spring, two and one-half miles below. This Black Fox camp has often been mentioned in the history of Tennessee, its unusually large spring being a land mark." On Chief Black Fox's tomb the following description was written in An Account of Some Creek, Cherokee and Earlier Inhabitants of Blount County, in: George Powell, "A Description and History of Blount County," Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society at the Annual Meeting in the City of Tuscaloosa, July 9 and 10, 1855 (Tuscaloosa: published under the direction of the executive committee, 1855) 60-64. At the time Blount was settling, we must recollect that the Cherokee Indians were the lords of all that portion of country lying between Wills Creek and the Chattahoochee river.... Some years after [1820], the northeast boundary of Blount was extended to Cherokee and Creek Indians, then residing in Brown's and Gunter'sValleys.... Most of the first settlers of Blount as well as those of the adjoining counties, believed that lead mines existed inBlount and Jefferson counties, and that the Indians knew their location and obtained lead from them. Perhaps, this general belief originated from the following circumstance, which occurred in 1810: An old Cherokee Chief, named Black Fox, died in the north of our county, and was buried in an old mound; and in digging his grave, the Indians found some pieces of lead ore.This trivial discovery was magnified and circulated in Madison Count, and many intelligent persons in the county believed a lead mine really existed, at, or near the grave of the old Chief. This opinion became so strong, that Alexander Gilbreath, who then resided in Huntsville, was induced to visit the grave of Black Fox. His search there, proving unsuccessful.... Mr. George Fields, at that time fifty or sixty years old, informed him that the Indians knew of no lead mines nearer than those of Missouri and Illinois, and gave it as his opinion, that the lead found in the grave of Black Fox, had been brought from one of those States. John Gunter, (another old inhabitant of the valley, who had been brought up among the Chickasaws,and spent all his life with the Indians,) gave the same opinion, as to the pieces of lead which had been found in different parts of the county, viz: that they had been brought by the Indians from the northern mines. These two persons informed Mr. Gilbreath, that as far back as Indian memory extended, it was the custom of the Creeks to cross the Tennessee river near Deposit, (Baird's Bluff) and make long hunting expeditions, annually to the north, bringing with them, on their return, lead ore. - That the settling of Tennessee by the whites was a great obstacle in their way to the mines - particularly to those of Rock river. - That the Indians had then, in order to reach the mines, to bear lower down the Tennessee river, and that as the whites of Tennessee continued to extend their settlements westward, the difficulties in the way of the Creeks to the mines, were continually increasing. To this account, it may be added, that a company of Creeks, on a returning expedition of the above kind, murdered two or three white families, which led to the Indian war of 1812, at the close of which, they were finally barred from the mines by treaty. Although it cannot be doubted, that the Indians brought lead ore into Blount from distant mines, yet this fact does not account for the pieces which have been found in the mounds....The mounds above spoken of, are heaps of earth in the form of pyramids. They are supposed to mark the burial places of the Chiefs. Some of them are very old, having upon their tops, growing trees of very large size. These mounds are to be found in thirteen different places in our county. Two or three of them are generally grouped together, or within a half mile of each other. In Murphree'sValley, there is one group consisting of three mounds, from four to seven in height. In the trough of the Locust Fork, there are five distinct groups. - In Blountsville Valley, (and near Blountsville) there is one; and in Brown's Valley one. North-west of the Mulberry Fork, there are four groups. These mounds are invariably in the valleys, on, or near the best bodies of land. This fact proves pretty clearly that the Indian settlements were in the valleys. Some knowledge of agriculture, may have led them to settle there, or it may have been the greater abundance of game and water found in such places. About these mounds, great quantities of flint spikes are found, which some persons believe were used as arrow-heads, but they seem unfit for such a purpose. The efficiency of the arrow, depends in a great degree upon its velocity; and arrows of sufficient strength to give great velocity to these spikes, would be so heavy, that all the power of the archer would fail to give them the force requisite to enter the vitals of a large animal. If we consider them as knives, there would be many uses for them: - such as skinning animals, severing the carcass, scaling fish, and cutting or sawing vegetable substances. Some of these spikes are six inches long, and weigh nearly a pound. These placed on poles would be similar to the Mexican lance, and would be very useful against dangerous animals....Besides the mounds mentioned above, we find in different places in our county, heaps of stones, which are supposed to be graves of Indians. In many other places, numerous pieces of broken pottery are found; and near the junction of the Little Warrior and Locust Fork, we have the remains of an old fortification, (enclosing about half an acre) three sides of which are yet plainly to be seen. On the tops of some of the hills, large quantities of muscle and periwinkle shells are found. As these are fresh water shell-fish, it is probable they were brought by the ancient inhabitants from the neighboring rivers and creeks, and their nourishing matter extracted for food. Most of our numerous shoals, also bear marks of having been at one time, filled with fish traps. These facts seem to indicate, either a dense population, or that a famine had at some period visited the inhabitants. It has been stated on a previous page, that the settlement of Blount might be considered as complete with the close of the year 1818. The settlement at that date, however,did not include the portion, since known as Brown's Valley. It is difficult to determine accurately, when that portion of our county was first settled by the whites. The Cherokee Indians, held a kind of possession of it until 1838, or '39. Besides the Cherokees, there was a colony of two hundred refugee Creeks settled there, and governed by John Shannon, a half-blood Creek. The Indians called him John Ogee. This colony of Creeks was brought there for protection, soon after the Creek war commenced, by Col. Richard Brown, (a Cherokee Chief who resided in the valley,) and remained there until the removal of the Cherokees, with whom they emigrated. In 1818, Col. Brown went to Washington City for the avowed purpose of selling to the whites, or ceding by treaty, all that portion of country. He advised the Indians to hold themselves in readiness to leave the country on his return. They accordingly assembled at Gunter's Landing, for the purpose of emigrating; but the death of Col. Brown shortly afterwards, (who died at Rogersville, in Hawkins County, Tennessee,) prevented, for many years, the ratification of the treaty, and consequently the removal of the Indians. As soon, however, as it was known that the Indians had collected together with a view to emigrating, the restless whites thronged into the country which they had abandoned, and obtained such hold, that they could never be entirely driven out. Brown's Valley at this time, showed a motley population of Cherokees, Creeks, and whites. The United States troops cut down the growing crops of the whites, and burned their houses; but with all this severity, they were unable to clear the valley of their presence. This portion of territory gave great trouble to the citizens of old Blount, as it prevented the ordinary execution of the laws in many instances...It continued to annoy the people of our county until the year 1832, when the Legislature extended the laws of the State over it. Transportation in Early Middle Tennessee by Susan Douglas Wilson Reprinted with permission The article appeared in Middle Tennessee Genealogy Vol. Vll. No. 4. Spring 1994, pp. 148-152 Now called The Middle Tennessee Journal of Genealogy & History The first inhabitants of the Middle Tennessee areas use two major forms of transportation. The first form was overland travel. Indians utilized animal paths and made their own trails between hunting grounds and home. Many of these trails become modern day roads and highways. The Natchez Trace, the Cumberland Trace, the BLACK FOX TRAIL, and the Great South Trail were a few of the trails used by emigrants who settled in the Middle Tennessee area (Meyer, William E., Indian Trails of the Southwest (Blue and Gray Presses, Nashville, TN) pp. 99-116). From White Co. Tenn. history: Black Fox was a Cherokee chief of the first rank The first settlers called one of the principal trails in the county, Black Fox Trail Fox's hunting camp was located on Lost Creek The chief had his nation cede 7,000 square miles of land to the government The government granted an annuity for life of $ 100.00 to Black Fox. According to Ernest Cline, Chief Black Fox gave a wampum belt to Return Meigs, the Indian agent, as a token of his faith in selling the U.S. Muscle Shoals, with its iron ore deposits. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dpanther&id=I05016	Chief Black FOX
54	George helped build the lock across from Waterloo, Alabama, c. 1900. The lock is located on the Tennessee River on the northeast point of Big Bear Creek. "Bud" was his nickname.	George Bliss (Bud) FREDERICK
55	Ensign 22 Tenn War of 1812 Ezilla and Hezekiah Frederick's tombstone is a double marker. It has listed on there: "Children: John, Jackson, Joshua, James, Martha, Nancy, Joel, Jefferson, Margaret, and Robert." Old Poplar Cemetary Marion Co AL Location: Coming from Hamilton on Hwy. 278 at the Sugar Bend Texaco, tu left onto County Highway 49. Go one mile and turn left on driveway. T cemeter is up on the hill on private property.	Hezekiah Gideon I FREDERICK
56	Ezilla and Hezekiah are buried back toward the oaks, row 3	Hezekiah Gideon I FREDERICK
57	possibly a nephew of James	James Robert FREDERICK
58	12. James W.3 Frederick (John Matison2, Hezekiah1) was born in Marion Co., AL before JUL 1832. James died 21 OCT 1862 in Nashville, TN, at 30 years of age. From the Officer's Affidavit to Death of Soldier, 24 MAR 1868, James died of chronic diarrhea. His body was interred OCT 1862 in Nashville National Cemetery. Section B, Grave No. O25. He married Martha Cynthia Britnell in John A. Bates, 21 DEC 1854. Married by John Loden, who also married James' brother William to Adeline Tyra in 1859. John was the husband to Nancy Frederick, an Aunt to James & William. Martha was born NOV 1837. Martha was the daughter of John Britnell and Edie ?. Martha died 19 SEP 1920 at 82 years of age. She was buried SEP 1920 in the family cemetery on their property between the garden and Barn Creek. Her son Marvel built a home on the same property and raised his family of five. On the 1900 census Martha is recorded as having born 4 children, with two still living. July 16, 1866, Martha filed for a Civil War Pension, Certificate No. 146,092, on her husband, who died in October 1862. A family story goes that he left his family, with two brothers, and went off one evening toward Barn Creek, to go fight the war. They were never seen again. James had several first Cousins as well as one Uncle who fought for the 5th Alabama Cavalry. Martha, had some gold coins that she had saved up and supposedly buried near her home. Another story told was that there was a man squirrel hunting in the vicinity of this old homeplace one day and came upon some rocks piled up in the shape of a teepee. He kicked them over and found some of these gold coins. Enumerated on the Marion County census of July 21, 1860, are James W.(27) and Martha C.(21) Frederick, children Clearisa P.(5), Marvel E.(1), and two relatives of Martha's, Benton (17) and William (23) Britnell. Benton Britnell would later marry one of James sisters, Margaret E. and William Britnell would marry another sister, Mary J. Frederick. From the Archives in Washington, D.C. Adjutant General's Office, dated 23 JUL 1866, James W. Frederick was enrolled on the 19th day of July 1862, at Tuscumbia, Ala. in Co. B, 38th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers to serve 3 years and mustered in the same day to serve 3 years or during the war. From the Surgeon General's Office, Record and Pension Bureau, dated 6 AUG 1866, listed the death date of James on 21 OCT 1862 of chronic diarrhea. On the Officer's Affidavit to Death of Soldier, filled out in Marion County, AL., are cosigners William S. Britnell and John W. Hill, both acquaintances of James'. Both of these men fought in the 1st Regiment of Alabama Volunteers, Co. A. Document dated 24 MAR 1868. On the Widow's Declaration for Army Pension, dated 30 JUN 1866, Martha lists her marriage date as 21 DEC 1854 at John A. Bates, by John Loden, a Justice of the Peace. Martha received $8.00 per month from the time of death of her husband James to her death, some 54 years later. Each of their 3 children received $2.00 per month up until their 16th birthday. Other papers included in the pension applications were acquaintances with James & Martha as to the birth of their 3 children. These witnesses included Elizabeth Kennedy, aged 66 years and Elizabeth C. Britnell, aged 39. This document was dated 10 SEP 1869. [Ed. note: Elizabeth Kennedy was the widow to David Kennedy, who had two sons that went with James brother William to fight for the 3rd Ohio Cavalry. David Kennedy was hung by a group of men led by the Southern General P.D. Roddy in late 1862. Elizabeth Kennedy was possibly a Britnell, an aunt to Martha.] The other page of witnesses included Benton Britnell and John M. Frederick, James' father. There is another request for "Statement of Service" dated 9 NOV 1870. The comments on this page name a John Frederick (middle initial illegible) on the rolls of company B. John was also on Det Muster Out roll dated 20 AUG 1864. (ed. note: This could be James' brother John E. Frederick)	James W. FREDERICK
59	2. John Matison2 Frederick (Hezekiah1) was born in TN 3 AUG 1810. John died 16 AUG 1889 in Marion Co., AL, at 79 years of age. His body was interred AUG 1889, in the Burnt House Cemetery. He married twice. He married Lucinda Bates in Marion Co., AL, circa 1831. Lucinda was born in TN CA 1812. Lucinda was the daughter of William Bates and Fanny Proctor. Lucinda died circa 1866 in Marion Co., AL. Her body was interred circa 1867 in Marion Co., AL. Some have said that Lucinda was of Cherokee descent. He married Mary E. Peterson in Marion Co., AL, circa 1866. Mary was born APR 1835. Mary was the daughter of John Peterson and Mary ?. Mary died after 1893. From Deed Book No. 5, Hamilton, Alabama Courthouse - Robert Loden paid $80 to Mary E. Frederick for NW1/4 of NW1/4 of Section 5 Township 10 Range 12, 3 MAR 1893. Applied for land January 23, 1837, in Marion County, Alabama. The Huntsville Land Office Register of Receipts listed the land as being in Section 32, Township 9S, Range 12W. Another application for land (Certificate #22700) would be entered January 19, 1853, in Section 5, Township 10S, Range 12W. In January 19, 1855, John applied for land (Certificate #22701) in Section 32, Township 9S, Range 12W. Many descendants of John and his two wives still live in Marion County. Surnames include Burleson, Britnell, Bickerstaff, Mitchell, Kennedy, Green, and Howell. John signed the "Loyalty Oath" 1 OCT 1867, at Howell's. John was commissioned a Constable 17 JUN 1838 and 29 MAR 1841 in Marion County, AL. (Note: A Constable was an appointment by the court to serve as an executive officer of the court-much like a sheriff but without the jurisdiction. Similar to a deputy but acting on the order of a presiding judge to carryout the business of the court-to apprehend-serve warrants-or make arrests. Appointed, not elected.) (Note: John was listed as a Unionist)	John Matison FREDERICK
60	Died of typhoid & pneumonia	Robert M. FREDERICK
61	Mike Frederick states : My grandfather William Levi Frederick told about how his grandfather William joined the War of the Rebellion, the details of which were later shared by his first cousin Jacob Floyd (Jake) Frederick of Jasper, AL., and included below. Bill was plowing one day and someone approached him and said, "Billy, the southerners are coming to get you." Bill said, "Well, if they get me, they'll get me fightin' for the yankees." He hung his traces over the mule-mare, took it down and went to the house. Bill enlisted with the 3rd Ohio Cavalry on June 29, 1862, at Tuscumbia, AL. He would spend the next 3 years fighting for the North, travelling by horseback most of the time. At this time, the Confederacy was enforcing conscription and many southern men were forced into service. There was strong union feelings in the Northeast mountain area of Alabama. William was not alone in his choice to go to Tuscumbia. George Kennedy would also go with William. William would ride with the 3rd Ohio Cav through, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Georgia. He was at Stone's River, the Middle Tennessee Campaign, Chattanooga/Chickamuaga, Atlanta Campaign and to the end the Alabama Campaign with Wilson. There are so many other skirmishes and encounters to mention by name. William made Corporal in December 1864. During his service William became sick a couple of times which later in life would affect his health. All during this time, he was not to hear or see his family until February 1865, when he was granted a 20 day furlough. He traveled at night to get home (the time came when Wilson was making his way through Alabama, the 3rd was at Gravelly Springs, on the north shore of the Tennessee River, and some 50 miles north from Williams home) and did so safely. The Frederick home had some unusal guests one evening. Company A of the 3rd Ohio was invited to Williams home on the march through to Selma so Co. A stayed the evening with William and Adaline. William left with the 3rd the next day to finish out the war. As a side note, William had cousins in the Confederate service (5th Alabama Cav, Roddy's Brig). Roddy's Brigade and the 3rd Ohio met a few times during the war. Bill went through the war and was mustered out June 65. There was talk when I (Dave Frederick, ggrandson to William) was a boy, that when William got home from the war, his uniform was in shreds. When Bill came home from the war, sometime in the summer of 1865, the family had a get-together to celebrate. They decided to have eggs for dinner, so Bill and some of his sisters had a race to the barn to "fetch" some eggs. Bill got there first and ran his hand under a hen's nest and was bitten by a rattlesnake. He pulled the snake out, killed it and went on back to the house where he sat down and had a couple of glasses of corn whiskey. The snake bite made him sick for a few days. Rile (Riley S.) Bottoms came over to his house one day to give him a "hard time" about the accident, and said "Well Billy, the Southerners are still pecking on you aren't they?" Bill said, "Yes, and (expletive deleted) I'm still killin' em too." Rile had a brother David N. Bottoms that fought for the 5th Alabama Cavalry as a 1st Lieutenant, and died in battle 17 APR 1863. Rile would later sign as a character witness for Bill so that he could draw his disability pension from the Government. Rile would also fight as a soldier in the 5th Ala. Cav. It is known also that just after the war Bill would go about helping his neighbors who were robbed and looted from by soldiers that came through Marion County at various times. (At one point during the War, the Yankees almost hung Bill's father John-See story on Bill's sister Zilla). Mike Frederick states : My grandfather William Levi Frederick told about how his grandfather William joined the War of the Rebellion, the details of which were later shared by his first cousin Jacob Floyd (Jake) Frederick of Jasper, AL., and included below. Bill was plowing one day and someone approached him and said, "Billy, the southerners are coming to get you." Bill said, "Well, if they get me, they'll get me fightin' for the yankees." He hung his traces over the mule-mare, took it down and went to the house. Bill enlisted with the 3rd Ohio Cavalry on June 29, 1862, at Tuscumbia, AL. He would spend the next 3 years fighting for the North, travelling by horseback most of the time. At this time, the Confederacy was enforcing conscription and many southern men were forced into service. There was strong union feelings in the Northeast mountain area of Alabama. William was not alone in his choice to go to Tuscumbia. George Kennedy would also go with William. William would ride with the 3rd Ohio Cav through, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Georgia. He was at Stone's River, the Middle Tennessee Campaign, Chattanooga/Chickamuaga, Atlanta Campaign and to the end the Alabama Campaign with Wilson. There are so many other skirmishes and encounters to mention by name. William made Corporal in December 1864. During his service William became sick a couple of times which later in life would affect his health. All during this time, he was not to hear or see his family until February 1865, when he was granted a 20 day furlough. He traveled at night to get home (the time came when Wilson was making his way through Alabama, the 3rd was at Gravelly Springs, on the north shore of the Tennessee River, and some 50 miles north from Williams home) and did so safely. The Frederick home had some unusal guests one evening. Company A of the 3rd Ohio was invited to Williams home on the march through to Selma so Co. A stayed the evening with William and Adaline. William left with the 3rd the next day to finish out the war. As a side note, William had cousins in the Confederate service (5th Alabama Cav, Roddy's Brig). Roddy's Brigade and the 3rd Ohio met a few times during the war. Bill went through the war and was mustered out June 65. There was talk when I (Dave Frederick, ggrandson to William) was a boy, that when William got home from the war, his uniform was in shreds. When Bill came home from the war, sometime in the summer of 1865, the family had a get-together to celebrate. They decided to have eggs for dinner, so Bill and some of his sisters had a race to the barn to "fetch" some eggs. Bill got there first and ran his hand under a hen's nest and was bitten by a rattlesnake. He pulled the snake out, killed it and went on back to the house where he sat down and had a couple of glasses of corn whiskey. The snake bite made him sick for a few days. Rile (Riley S.) Bottoms came over to his house one day to give him a "hard time" about the accident, and said "Well Billy, the Southerners are still pecking on you aren't they?" Bill said, "Yes, and (expletive deleted) I'm still killin' em too." Rile had a brother David N. Bottoms that fought for the 5th Alabama Cavalry as a 1st Lieutenant, and died in battle 17 APR 1863. Rile would later sign as a character witness for Bill so that he could draw his disability pension from the Government. Rile would also fight as a soldier in the 5th Ala. Cav. It is known also that just after the war Bill would go about helping his neighbors who were robbed and looted from by soldiers that came through Marion County at various times. (At one point during the War, the Yankees almost hung Bill's father John-See story on Bill's sister Zilla). Mike Frederick states : My grandfather William Levi Frederick told about how his grandfather William joined the War of the Rebellion, the details of which were later shared by his first cousin Jacob Floyd (Jake) Frederick of Jasper, AL., and included below. Bill was plowing one day and someone approached him and said, "Billy, the southerners are coming to get you." Bill said, "Well, if they get me, they'll get me fightin' for the yankees." He hung his traces over the mule-mare, took it down and went to the house. Bill enlisted with the 3rd Ohio Cavalry on June 29, 1862, at Tuscumbia, AL. He would spend the next 3 years fighting for the North, travelling by horseback most of the time. At this time, the Confederacy was enforcing conscription and many southern men were forced into service. There was strong union feelings in the Northeast mountain area of Alabama. William was not alone in his choice to go to Tuscumbia. George Kennedy would also go with William. William would ride with the 3rd Ohio Cav through, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Georgia. He was at Stone's River, the Middle Tennessee Campaign, Chattanooga/Chickamuaga, Atlanta Campaign and to the end the Alabama Campaign with Wilson. There are so many other skirmishes and encounters to mention by name. William made Corporal in December 1864. During his service William became sick a couple of times which later in life would affect his health. All during this time, he was not to hear or see his family until February 1865, when he was granted a 20 day furlough. He traveled at night to get home (the time came when Wilson was making his way through Alabama, the 3rd was at Gravelly Springs, on the north shore of the Tennessee River, and some 50 miles north from Williams home) and did so safely. The Frederick home had some unusal guests one evening. Company A of the 3rd Ohio was invited to Williams home on the march through to Selma so Co. A stayed the evening with William and Adaline. William left with the 3rd the next day to finish out the war. As a side note, William had cousins in the Confederate service (5th Alabama Cav, Roddy's Brig). Roddy's Brigade and the 3rd Ohio met a few times during the war. Bill went through the war and was mustered out June 65. There was talk when I (Dave Frederick, ggrandson to William) was a boy, that when William got home from the war, his uniform was in shreds. When Bill came home from the war, sometime in the summer of 1865, the family had a get-together to celebrate. They decided to have eggs for dinner, so Bill and some of his sisters had a race to the barn to "fetch" some eggs. Bill got there first and ran his hand under a hen's nest and was bitten by a rattlesnake. He pulled the snake out, killed it and went on back to the house where he sat down and had a couple of glasses of corn whiskey. The snake bite made him sick for a few days. Rile (Riley S.) Bottoms came over to his house one day to give him a "hard time" about the accident, and said "Well Billy, the Southerners are still pecking on you aren't they?" Bill said, "Yes, and (expletive deleted) I'm still killin' em too." Rile had a brother David N. Bottoms that fought for the 5th Alabama Cavalry as a 1st Lieutenant, and died in battle 17 APR 1863. Rile would later sign as a character witness for Bill so that he could draw his disability pension from the Government. Rile would also fight as a soldier in the 5th Ala. Cav. It is known also that just after the war Bill would go about helping his neighbors who were robbed and looted from by soldiers that came through Marion County at various times. (At one point during the War, the Yankees almost hung Bill's father John-See story on Bill's sister Zilla).	William (Bill ) Matison FREDERICK
62	Flu Epidemic	William Dewey FREDERICK
63	Zilla lived the last 19 years of her life with a grandson, a son to her oldest boy James A. Mitchell. A great granddaughter to Zilla, Dell Mitchell Holcomb (granddaughter to James A.) would often listen to stories Zilla told when she was a little girl during the Civil War. Zilla was a young girl at that time and the activity of soldiers coming through the county on horseback made quite an impression on her. One day some yankee soldiers came through taking food from them and wanted her father's horses as well. John told them that they were taken from him the night before. The soldier's did not believe him and took him to the woods to hang him. At the time John had a young man living with him that had no other place to stay. According to Zilla's great-granddaughter he had some type of mental problem. The soldiers asked this man to come with them to the woods where they threw a rope over a large limb and put it around John's neck. The soldiers wanted him to pull the rope so as to hang John, but he refused. He told the soldiers he would die right where he was standing before he pulled the rope tight. One of the Yankee soldiers said to let him go and they did. John sent this man back to the house to tell his wife and children that he was going to stay in the woods a few more days, to avoid being taken again by unwelcome strangers. The man that went to the woods with John would take him food during this time while John would sleep out under the trees and bluffs around Barn Creek. While he was in the wilderness, John cut out a walking cane that his daughter Zilla handed down to her great grandaughter, Dell. She still has it to this day. Another time yankee soldiers came through, Zilla took her neice Missouri Ann Frederick and put her on a feather bed, where apparently it closed up around her. Young Marvel Frederick came over next to his Aunt Zill for protection and one of the soldiers said "we want hurt you young man, I have a son about your age."	Zilla L. FREDERICK
64	WOODVILLE: Located on edge of Lauderdale County line, established about 1836 by Bowers and Eubanks families. In 1862 this was the site of a Civil War skirmish. Goodspeed, History of Tennessee, Haywood County, 1887 Woodville is a post hamlet sixteen miles northwest of Brownsville. It was established in 1836 by Enbank and Bowers, its first merchants. Its first church was established in 1837, by Rev. Champ C. Conner, its first minister. Mr. H. I. . Anderson was its first post-master. It now contains two general stores, two churches - Methodist and Baptist - one school, a saw and grist-mill and cotton- gin, and a mechanic shop. Its population is about seventy-five souls. FORKED DEER: Located on land granted by North Carolina in 1785 to Benjamin Smith. The first church was Presbyterian and Eureka United Methodist Church was organized in 1884 and rebuilt in 1893. The first school was established by Dr. Samuel Bain.	Robert C. GARRISON
65	founded the city of Buthrotum	Son of Priaim HELENIUS
66	Mayor of the palace (680–714) of the Frankish territory of Austrasia; grandson of Pepin of Landen and father of Charles Martel (by Elphide). After defeating the nobles of Neustria at the battle of Tertry (687), Pepin made himself mayor, or ruler, of all the Frankish kingdoms except Aquitaine, with the Merovingian dynasty retaining the nominal kingship. He defeated the Frisians, the Alemanni, and the Bavarians and established a strong government, thus laying the foundation for the empire of his descendants, the Carolingian mayors and kings. Pépin married and they had Charles Martel.	Pépin of HERISTAL
67	Ezilla and Hezekiah are buried back toward the oaks, row 3	Ezilla HOBSON
68	From www.infoplease.com: Robert I (c. 865–923) was French king (922–23), son of Count Robert the Strong and younger brother of King Eudes. He inherited from Eudes the territory between the Seine and the Loire rivers. In 922, Robert led a rebellion against King Charles III (Charles the Simple) and was crowned king by a party of nobles and clergy, but he was soon killed in battle. His son-in-law, Raoul of Burgundy, succeeded him. His son was Hugh the Great.	Roi De W Franks Robert De Vermandois II\CAPET, IV
69	founded the city of Ilium He was married twice supposedly, to Leucippe and to Eurydice. It is unknown which of them is the mother of Ilus' son, Leomeden	Son of Tros King of Troy ILUS
70	2nd cousins once removed to Ascroda	Glumra Eystein IVARSSON
71	Henry Lamb Family Bible (Bible in possession of Ronney R. Brewington) Marriages Henry Lamb to Martha J. Austin July the 11th 1861 Randall Brewington to Eula Long Feb. 12, 1919 (Wednesday) Births Henry Lamb was born Aug. The 7th 1843 Martha J. Austin was born Mar. 11th 1844 Charles Wesley Lamb was born July 12, 1899 H. Carol Lamb was born April the 20th 1862 L. Lamb was born Sept. The 16th 1864 John F. Lamb ws born March the 16th 1866 Felix Lamb was born Nov. The 22, 1874 Eula G. Long was born Sept. 22, 1893 Sarah E. Bennett was born Jan. 20, 1874 M.A. Bennett was born Sept. 7, 1854 Deaths N. Carol Lamb Died April the 29th 1862 L. Lamb died Sept. The 20th 1864 John F. Lamb died July the 25th 1866 Filix Lamb died Dec the 12th 1874 Charles Wesley Lamb died Oct 17th 1899 Ben Austin died Nov. 23, 1904 P.D. Scott departed this life May 3, 1917 M.A. Bennett died Aug. 11, 1918 Jim Bennett died Oct. 15, 1928 Henry Lamb died Aug. 31, 1929 Lizzie Lamb died April 1, 1943 John Brewington died Dec. 8, 1927 (Thursday) Stella Brewington died July 18, 1942	Henry LAMB
72	Seigbert was murdered in 509 by his son Cloderic	King of Cologne Siegbert the LAME
73	was a justice of the peace who married to off his wife's nephews, James & William	John LODEN
74	In 1776 a Cherokee Indian was born named John Looney (could be an illegitimate son of our John). This John was nephew of "Chief Enolee" (=Black Fox). Served U.S. as Corporal under Andrew Jackson against Creek indians, Dec.1813, wounded at Talladega, & Pensioned 1842-died 15 May 1846-Washington,D.C., While acting as delegate for Indians. He married in 1815 Betsey,born 1796 (married in Cherokee Nation) "Act of Union", signed by John Looney, Acting Chief, et al. "History of Okla." by, T.B. Thoburn-Ref.also State papers N. Car.Vol.XVII, 11 12 13. 1817-19 Reservations: September 15, 1818, #140, Creekpath including where Blackfox lived & died, Native, 4 in family.	Chief John LOONEY
75	King of the Franks at Toxandrie. Malaric, King of the Franks, in Toxandrie was born in 295. He was the son of Merogais des Francs Ripuaires. Malaric, King of the Franks, in Toxandrie married N. N. of the Gauls before 320.	King of the Franks MALARIC
76	Mallobaudes, King of the Franks, in Worms opposed the Frank Malaric.1 He was born in 320. He was the son of Malaric, King of the Franks, in Toxandrie and N. N. of the Gauls. Mallobaudes, King of the Franks, in Worms killed Macrianus, king of the Alemanni in 374.2 King of the Franks at Worms. He was elected King of the Franks in 378.1 He was appointed as commander of household troops by Gratian and sent with general Nannianus against Lentienses Alemanni (Ammianus Marcellinus, XXX, 3,7), defeating the Alemans near the Rhine and killing King Priarius (AM XXXI, 10,6) in 378.2 He was a witness where imperator Gratian Valentinianus appointed Mallobaud of the Franks as commander of household troops and sending him against the Alemanni in 378.	King of the Franks MALLOBAUDES
77	Died in Tornado that struck the town of Hackleburg, AL.	Dovie Mann
78	Died in Tornado that struck the town of Hackleburg, Alabama on April 12, 1943 Walter & His wife died from complications due to a tornado that hit their home on the eve of April 9, 1943. They lived just down the hill, north of the Cedar Tree Methodist Church in Hackleburg, Alabama. According to Billy G. Frederick, the Mann family had two children that wandered off from the destruction of that fateful night and ended up in the basement of the Methodist Church	Walter J Mann
79	led his people from Black Sea to Holland, conquered No. Gaul	Son of King Antenor I King MARCOMIR, I
80	Lila was accidently shot and killed by her brother while he was cleaning his gun. She was nursing Omer at the time.	Lila MARKUM
81	aka Meroveus (Merowig Merovey Meroving) `the Young'; defeated Attila the Hun, q.v., in 451; eponym of the MEROVINGIANS; (many pedigrees have been proposed for Merovech, with only a few shown here	King Of France MBEROVBEE
82	The first lord of Montlhéry was Thibaud, whose pale blond hair gave him the nickname Tow-Head. He was one of the principle barons of Hughes Capet, and of King Robert, who followed after Capet. He was responsible for taking care of the forest, which was an important function, and which also included being Master of the Royal Hunt, supervising the waters, forests, wolves, and falcons. http://www.montlhery.com/chateau3_eng.htm A continuing text called "l'Historia Francorum " from Aimion de Fleury says: "Temporis Roberti regis, Theobladus cognomine Filans Stupas, forestarius ejus, firmavit Montemlethericum". So Thibaud fortified the mount around 991 AD, undoubtedly for political reasons. In effect, the royal domain of Robert the Stakes (Le Pieux), which included Montlhéry, was not a united region. In the west and south zones of his domain, the king had to deal with the scheming from the counts of Blois. The Capetian had to dispose the strong points in order to block the maneuvers of the Blois house. Montlhéry was, without doubt, one of these bases.	Thibault MONTLHERY
83	Revolted against Thierry I who killed him. Murideric and Perthois had a son Bodegisil.	Lord of Vitrey MURIDERIC
84	The expedition to Virginia under Captains Christopher Newport, Bartholomew Gosnold and John Ratcliffe for the purpose of colonization.The expedition set sail Dec. 15, 1606, arriving at Old Point Comfort,Va., April 20, 1607. On May 13, 1607, three small English ships approached Jamestown Island in Virginia-the Susan Constant of 100 tons commanded by Capt. Christopher Newport and carrying 71 persons; the Godspeed of 40 tons commanded by Capt. Bartholomew Gosnold and carrying 52 persons; and the Discovery, a pinnace of 20 tons under Capt. John Ratcliffe, carrying 21 persons. Founded the Colony of Virginia Jamestown Landing 14May 1607 Jamestown Island, Virginia Captain Christopher Newport made 5 voyages from England to the Jamestown Colony in Virginia between 1607 and 1611. An account of his 3rd voyage onthe "Sea Venture", which shipwrecked during a storm off St. George,Bermuda on July 28, 1609, is said to have inspired William Shakespeare towrite "The Tempest". His first voyage was an historic landing in 1607 atJamestown. There can be no doubt that King James displayed great wisdom in choosing so experienced and able a seaman as Christopher Newport to command thecolonizing expedition of 1607 to Virginia, and in sealing the box whichcontained his list of councillors during the voyage, in order that theremight be no conflict of authority with his. He had sailed the SpanishMain and taken an active part in the privateering exploits against theSpanish in the New World. In 1592 he sailed in command of four ships whenhe "took and Spoyled Yaguana and Ocoa and Hispaniola and Truxillo,besides other prizes." After the brilliant capture of the "Madre de Dios"by the ships of Sir Walter Raleigh and the Earl of Cumberland, Capt.Newport, who played an important part in the fight, was given command ofher and took her to Dartmouth. When the expedition of 1607 arrived at Jamestown, Newport's name was found on the list of councillors, though he was not expected to become aplanter but to serve as admiral in the voyages between England and thecolony. In pursuance of his orders to remain two months in the New Worldexploring, he started May 21 on a voyage up the James river, which hefollowed as far as the "falls," the present site of the city of Richmond.Here, finding that he could go no further without great danger, he set upa cross with the inscription "Jacobus Rex, 1607," and his own nameunderneath. Upon inquiry by the Indians as to the meaning of this crossand ceremony, the wily captain told them that the two arms of the crosssignified Powhatan and himself, and their juncture the league they hadentered into. On June 22 of the same year he returned to England with acargo of "sasafrax rootes" instead of the gold which the Virginia Companyhad so ardently hoped for. Newport's second arrival in Virginia (Jan. 2, 1608) was a timely one. The death of Goshold had left Wingfield open to attacks of hisopponents--Archer, Smith, Ratcliffe and Martin, who had first deposed himfrom the presidency and finally imprisoned him, Capt. Smith, too, who hadjust returned from captivity with the Indians, was in chains undersentence of hanging. Newport at once set these men at liberty andrestored some measure of peace in the colony and council. A few dayslater, however, a fire broke out and destroyed the whole of the littlesettlement, thus exposing its occupants to the severity of the winter'sweather. Newport again came to the rescue and employed his mariners inhelping to rebuild the church, storehouse and other houses. Capt. Newportlater made a third voyage to Virginia, and brought on this occasion(Oct., 1608) the first gentlewoman, Mrs. Forrest, and Anne Buras, hermaid. As was to have been expected, there occurred, shortly after, thefirst marriage in the colony which was of this same Anne Buras and JohnLaydon, a carpenter; and to them was born a year later a girl, VirginiaLaydon--the first child of English parentage born in the first permanentEnglish colony. Newport's fourth voyage was in command of the expedition sent out under the second charter, which left Falmouth June 8, 1609. There were nineships carrying Sir Thomas Gates as governor, and about 500 persons, someof them women. Two of the vessels were wrecked and Newport himself wascast away on the Bermudas with Gov. Gates and 150 other passengers and alarge portion of the stores for the colony. He finally got away from theislands, and made his way to Virginia just in time to save the colonyfrom starvation. The casting away of Newport's ship, the "Sea Venture,"was the occasion of Shakespeare's great play, "The Tempest," interest inthe subject having most probably been communicated to him by Southampton.After one more voyage to Virginia, Capt. Newport's connection with thecolony ceased. He resigned his position with the Virginia Company and wasappointed one of the six masters of the Royal Navy, and performed severalvoyages for the East India Company. On the third of these his deathoccurred about August 15, 1617, while his fleet lay at anchor in a Javanport. The stalwart captain died thus as he had lived, in command of hisship, in the midst of new lands and untried seas. Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography, Volume I III--Colonial Councillors of State Christopher Newport was an English sailor and privateer. He is best known as the captain of the Susan Constant, the largest of three ships which carried settlers for the Virginia Company in 1607 on the way to found the settlement at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, which became the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was born in 1561, and died in 1618. He made several voyages of supply between England and Jamestown; in 1609, he became Captain of the new supply ship Sea Venture, which met a hurricane and was shipwrecked on Bermuda. That event began Bermuda's permanent settlement by England. That archipelago (also known officially as the Somers Isles after Sir George Somers, Admiral of the Virginia Company, who also survived the Sea Venture wreck) is still a territory (the current term for what were previously called possessions, dependencies, or colonies) of the United Kingdom almost 400 years later. Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia is named for Newport.	Christopher II NEWPORT
85	Briefly the King of Cologne in 509. He was murdered at age 19 by his brother-in-law Clovis I, the founder of the Merovingian Dynasty. They had a son: Murideric	King of Cologne Cloderic the PARRICIDE
86	possibly Kit Payne got into arguement with Dallas Dorris ( Virgie Yancey's husband ) and disappeared in the '30's	Clarence H. PAYNE
87	Mayor of Neustria (741), King of the Franks (747-768), first Carolingian king of the Franks (751–68), From www.infoplease.com: Succeeding his father as mayor of the palace (741), he ruled Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence, while his brother Carloman (d. 754) received Austrasia and what came to be Thuringia. In 743 the brothers chose Childeric III, a Merovingian, as nominal king of all the Franks. With their help St. Boniface effected far-reaching reforms that strengthened the Frankish church and advanced the conversion of the Saxons. After Carloman had retired (747) to religious life, Pepin, with the consent of the pope, St. Zacharias, forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed king (751). In return for recognition by the pope, Pepin defended Rome against the Lombards (754, 756), from whom he wrested the exarchate of Ravenna and other cities. These he ceded to the pope, thus laying the foundation of the Papal States. Pepin also extended his territories and subdued Aquitaine. Bertha was also known as "Bertha Broadfoot". She was the daughter of Caribert (or Herbert), Count of Laon and granddaughter of Bertha, a Merovingian Princess who was in turn a daughter of Thierry (III), King of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy. Pépin the Short and Bertha of Laon were parents of Charlemagne, Emperor of the West	King of the Franks PEPIN, III
88	ID: I00172 Name: Alexander Pickens Sex: M Birth: 1775 in Mecklenburg County, NC Death: 1864 in Toccopola, Pontotoc County, MS Note: pg 129 PICKENS FAMILIES OF THE SOUTH by E.M. Sharp pb 1963 Memphis Tn " Alexandier Pickens moved to Bedford Co. Tenessee about 1825, and to TishomingoCounty, Mississippi in 1839. Sometime between 1850 and 1860 he went to Lafayette Co. Mississipppi and lived in the home of his son William McKinney Pickens where he died. Margaret may have died earlier while they were living in old Tishomingo County. The location of their home was between the present Rienzi and Biggersville in alcorn County. They were members of New Hope Presbyterian Church at Biggrsville. " Father: William Pickens b: 1728 Mother: Nancy Craig b: ABT 1744 Marriage 1 Margaret McLarty b: 1778 in NC Children Martha Pickens b: ABT 1810 William McKinney Pickens b: 19 OCT 1813 in Cabarrus Co., North Carolina Archibald M Pickens b: 1815 Samuel Alexander Pickens b: 1816 Cyrus Pickens b: ABT 1817 John Pickens b: 1818 Nancy Pickens b: 1818 Margaret Jane Pickens b: 27 JAN 1833	Alexander PICKENS
89	Presbyterian minister	Archibald M. PICKENS
90	He was the high King of Troy during the ten year battle with the Mycenean Greeks in the Trojan War of Homer's Illiad. It should be noted that the city most think of as Troy was actually called Illiona (or Ilius). Troy was the nation of which Illiona was the capital.	Son of Leomeden King of Troy Priaim PODARCES
91	1812 was in War of 1812, Sullivan Co., TN Census: 1860 Tennessee -ROANE- 282/242 Census: 1804 Admintr. of Father's Estate, Henry Co., VA Census: 1810 Resided in Washington County, VA Census: Bet. 1830 - 1840 Resided in Anderson County, Tn Census: 1860 Resided in Roane County, TN	Abraham QUALLS
92	He came to Overton Co. TN from Martinsville, VA Census: Revolutionary War Soldier Census: 1819 First Purchased land in Overton Co, TN Census: 1840 Moved to Bledsoe Co. TN Census: 18 Mar 1846 BK. K/ 129-130 Deeds Bledsoe Co, TN	John Jr QUALLS
93	William Quarles'	William John QUALLS
94	Last name changed from Quarles to Qualls Census: 1774 lived in Buckingham County, Virginia Census: 1783 Moved to Henry County, Virginia Census: 1804 Moved to Patrick County, Virginia	David QUARLES
95	In 1920. Alfred & Ernest were listed as living with Will & Bettie, in Prentiss Co, MS	John William RAINES
96	Hearkening to a third-century funery inscription for a soldier in Pannonia: "Francus ego cives, miles romanus in armis." ("I am a Frank by nationality, but a Roman soldier under arms.") This could have been written as well for Richomer.1 Richomer, Consul was born circa 350. He was the son of Mallobaudes, King of the Franks, in Worms. Richomer, Consul married Ascyla (?), daughter of Ascyllius (?). Richomer, Consul died in 384. Murdered. Consul (FLAVIVS RICHOMERES) at Rome in 384.2	Consul RICHOMER
97	Chlodevech (Ludwig Chlodwig) of the SALIC FRANKS; unified the Franks, establishing capital at Paris; defeated Visigoths at Battle of Vouille in 507	Franks King of Cologne Clovis The RIPARIAN
98	Merogais des Francs Ripuaires invaded Gallia.2 He was born circa 270. He was the son of roi des Francs Genebaud I des Francs Ripuaires.1 Merogais des Francs Ripuaires died in 306. He was thrown to the lions.2 King of the Franks.	MerogaisRagaise des Francs RIPUAIRES
99	Some consider this prince of the tribe of Bructeri, while others believe him to be from one of the Salian tribes.1 Roi des Francs Genebaud I des Francs Ripuaires was born circa 245. King of the Franks circa 287.1 He submitted to Maximianus in 287.2 He was mentioned between 287 and 288.1 He died circa 289.	roi des Francs Genebaud I des Francs RIPUAIRES
100	Also known as Blanche de Navarre, she was pregnant when her husband Theobald III died, and she became regent for her posthumously born son Theobald IV (1201-53). Her regency was plagued by a number of difficulties. Her brother-in-law, count Henry II had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald III died. Further, their son Theobald's legitimacy was not unquestioned, and his right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, count of Ramerupt and one of the more powerful Champagne nobles. The conflict broke into open warfare in 1215, and was not resolved until after Theobald came of age in 1222. At that time Theobald and Blanca bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment. Her brother Sancho VII of Navarre was the last male-line descendant of the first dynasty of kings of Navarre, the Pamplona dynasty, and was childless and when he went into retirement ("el Encerrado") she took administration of the kingdom, though he remained king until her son succeeded him in 1234. She was the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre (who died 1194) and Sancha of Castile. She lived (1170's-1229).	Princess of Navarre Blanche SANCHEZ
101	.g_status { margin-top: -15px; } .g_customerinfo { margin-top: 9px; } Home Family Tree Search Print & Share Community DNA Learning Center Store Add to Quick Links Upgrade > Welcome, Wanda Nelson Log Out Messages My Account Help Add a new Quick Link Add a link to this page in your "Quick Links" on the home page. Link Name Save or Cancel Close Top of Form 1 Return Comments Print Save story Abraham Seay historical information Added by DONPOO on 24 Jan 2009 Search billions of records on Ancestry.com Descendants of Abraham Seay 5/1996 -The following was sent to me from Renee Mitchell, the Chisholm Trail Museum (also known as the Seay mansion) 605 Zellers Ave. Kingfisher OK 73750 Seay Family (Taken from book "Descendants of Abraham Seay" by B.W. Seay published 1966) .. a family was founded in the early part of the 12th century by a William de Day. He was from Normandy and is connected to the town named Sai near Argentan, Franc. Spellings of the family are, de Sai, de Say, de Saye, Sees, Say, Saye, and Seay. Spellings varied in different localities and eras. About 150 years ago, Seay became the usual and accepted spelling. As soon as Henry of Navarre ascended the throne of France in 1589, he issued the edict of Nantos granting religious toleration to his Protestant subjects who had been his chief supporters during the Wars of Religion. In 1685, King Louis XIV revoked the Edict and plunged France into chaos. The Seays migrated to escape persecution. There were some Seays in America prior to this time, and several settled in England. Say was the name of a French protestant family in Languedoc where there were more protestants than catholics. Our Seay family, led by Abram Seay, fled France in about 1685 and went to England. He was a man of culture and means. He stayed in England under the protection of a distant relative, a Lord William de Saye. While in England, he married a Miss Wilson and had three sons; Abraham II, Isaac, and Jacob. Abraham I was described as a scion of nobility and man of culture and means. Around 1700, he migrated to America. He came alone and was later joined by his wife and 3 sons. We think they settled near Richmond, near Henrico County. Abraham II was awarded a land grant of 385 acres In what was then Goochland County. (Since it has been called Albermarle and then Fluvanna County) the grant was awarded by King George II of England. It is now located near the town of Fork Union about 10 miles from Palmyra the county seat. Abraham II had two houses one of which burned many years ago. The location is still discernable. I was operated for many years as a tavern. The other building was purchased by Fork Union Military Academy. Abraham II never moved from his house. Our family descended from Abraham II. A descendant of Jacob, on Thomas Seay was governor of Alabama in 1886 and again in 1888. Abraham II married Naomi Lovinge or Loving, or Lovine of Huguenot settlement in Powhatan County about 1740. Naomi went by her nickname "Amy" in all records. There were 8 children. Among them was Abraham III. Abraham III married a Miss Loving (of same family as his mother) of Nelson County. The Lovings in Nelson County were numerous and quite prominent around 1800. When Nelson Country was formed from Amherst County in 1808, the county seat, Lovingston, was named for some member of this family. Abraham III had eight children. He must have married about 1768 as his first child, James, was born on March 18 1769. It is recorded in the family record. It is recorded in Deed Book 4 Albermarle County (later Fluvanna) that he on 11/1/1767 purchased a trace of land from his brother, Stephen Seay, containing 200 acres for 15 pounds of … … current money. Abraham sold this same tract of land five years later for 20 pounds of current money. His oldest son, James married Jennie Weaver of Fluvanna County 4/19/1791, moving to Nelson County soon after. Their son, Joseph Seay married Annie Harvie or Harvey on 12/27/1796. One of their daughter, Belinda Seay, married Martin Brown. They had a son, Abram Burwell Brown, D D. LLD, who for many years was professor of Richmond college (now Richmond University) and a historian of note. A son Calm (Camm) married Lucy Jane Tiller. 2/2/1830. Their children: Virginia Ann 11/28/1830 Abraham Jefferson 11/28/1831 Edward Martin 10/26/1834 After moving to Missouri other children were born: Nancy Jane 2/11/1837 William Washington 2/3/1839 Henry Franklin 12/26/1840 Cassandra Elizabeth 4/17/1843 Joseph Madison 1/7/1845 Susan Isabella 1/ 1847 James Taylor 5/28/1849 Missouri Emeline 8/18/1852 Camm purchased 160 acres and built a log dwelling. The first house had a floor in only one room. This floor was of split logs hewn reasonably smooth. There was scarcely a nail in the house. Doors were split logs hewn smooth. Doors and window frames were fastened by wooden pins. Clapboards that composed the roof were held in place by long poles weighted down with stones. His eldest daughter, Virginia Ann Seay married to Edward Marsh who was born 9/14/1827 in Amherst county, Virginia. Their marriage was 12/2/1852. Their children: Missouri Alice Marsh 11/16/1853 James Austin marsh 8/19/1855 Nancy Jane Marsh 3/28/1857 John Jefferson Marsh 1/31/1859 Joseph Franklin Marsh 1/21/1861 Susan Amelia Marsh 5/6/1863 George Edward Marsh 5/6/1863 Susan Amelia Marsh 5/6/1863 George Edward Marsh 8/31/1865 Lula Virginia Marsh 12/27/1867 Ida May Marsh 3/1/1870 Note: This information was received in July 1988 by Ruth Hubbard from Miss Virginia A Sigler, 1776 Palo Verde, Tucson, AZ 85713. Virginia is a sister of Allen Sigler, who provided the AJ Civil War Diary; and is the daughter of Lula Virginia Marsh Sigler, for whom the west middle bedroom on 2nd floor of the Mansion was named. From Descendants of Abraham Seay page 51 Copy of Grant to Abraham Seay, the Colonist, Land Office, State Capitol Building, Patents Book 23, p 1005. George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King Defender of the Faith and To all to whom these presents shall come greetings. Know Ye that for fivers good causes and consideration but more especially for and in consideration of the Sum of Forty Shillings of good and lawful money for our use paid to our Receiver General of our Revenes in our colony and Dominion of Virginia. We have Given Granted and Confirmed and by these presents for us our Heirs and Successors do Give Grant and Confirm unto Abraham Say, one certain Tract or Parcel of Land containing three hundred and eighty five acres lying and being in the County of Goochland in the Fork of James River on both sides of Crooks Creek and bounded as followeth (to wit). Beginning at a red oak near the North side of the said Creek running. function searchOnBlur1(){ var searchBox = document.getElementById('FirstSearchBox'); if(searchBox.value == "") { searchBox.style.fontStyle = "normal"; searchBox.style.color = "#999999"; searchBox.value = "First Name"; } } function searchOnFocus1(){ var searchBox = document.getElementById('FirstSearchBox'); if(searchBox.value == "First Name") { searchBox.style.fontStyle = "normal"; searchBox.style.color = "#000000"; searchBox.value = ""; } } function searchOnBlur2(){ var searchBox = document.getElementById('LastSearchBox'); if(searchBox.value == "") { searchBox.style.fontStyle = "normal"; searchBox.style.color = "#999999"; searchBox.value = "Last Name"; } } function searchOnFocus2(){ var searchBox = document.getElementById('LastSearchBox'); if(searchBox.value == "Last Name") { searchBox.style.fontStyle = "normal"; searchBox.style.color = "#000000"; searchBox.value = ""; } } Seay Home \| Seay Articles Index HOME \| Email: Shadywood Additional information about this story Description Date Location Attached to Abraham Seay (1665 - 1719) Other trees this object is saved to Gaisser/Seay Family .commentblock { border: 1px solid #ddd; border-width: 0 0 1px; } .commentblock h3 { font: bold 13px Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/comment.gif) no-repeat left center; padding-left: 22px; margin: 10px 0 0; display: inline; } .comment { padding: 0 10px 10px 13px; margin: 5px 10px; word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12px; } .commentTools { text-align: right; margin: 10px -25px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style:none; font-style:normal; font-size: 11px; position:relative; } .commentTools li { display: inline; padding: 0 6px 0 8px; border-right: 1px solid #999; } .commentTools .last { border: 0 none;} #scorecard li a, .event_scorecard li a{ font-size: 12px; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_photo{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_picture.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_story{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_story.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_audio{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_audio.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_video{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/sc_video.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .comment_person{ text-align: right; background: url(http://c.mfcreative.com/trees/i/pt/personView16.gif) no-repeat; padding: 0 0 3px 20px; } .added_to { color: #777; font-style:italic; margin: 5px 0; font-size: 8px; } Comments There are no comments on Abraham Seay historical information yet. You can add a comment for others to see below. Add a new comment Add a comment below to communicate with others who may see this. The following errors occurred: Subject: Please enter a Subject Comment: Please enter a Comment The content of this page should adhere to our community guidelines . Please report inappropriate content or possible copyright violations . Report Inappropriate Content Content that has been reported will be reviewed shortly. Note: or Cancel Click "Remove" to permanently remove this story from your tree. or Cancel Save a Copy of this Story Save a copy to someone in my tree. Continue or Cancel Bottom of Form 1 Visit Other Generations Network sites Ancestry.com Ancestry International United States United Kingdom Canada Australia Deutschland Italia France Sverige ?? Other Generations Network Sites Ancestry.com Myfamily.com Genealogy.com Rootsweb.com TGN.com FamilyTreeMaker.com Ancestrymagazine.com The Generations Network Corporate Info Affiliate Program Advertising Ancestry Blog Contact Us © 2009, The Generations Network, Inc. - PRIVACY STATEMENT \| Terms and Conditions #g_footer #sites ul li:hover div {display:none;}	Abraham I SEAY
102	Listed as Wm Starrs on AR Greene Co census 1870 ""'''''' Wm Stars 1860 Greene co census also listed as Stairs	William R. STARES
103	Sir James died fighting the English. THE BATTLE OF HALIDON HILL, 19 JUL 1333 In 1332, Edward Baliol, son of the deposed Scots king John "Toom Tabard" Baliol, reasserted his claim to the throne, fought his way to Scone, andhad himself crowned King of Scotland. The Scots parliament, however,supported the claims of young David II Bruce, so his guardian Sir Archibald Douglas quickly booted Edward out of Scotland. But in 1333, the persistent Edward returned with an English army and laid siege toBerwick. King Edward III joined his forces and formed a defensiveposition on Halidon Hill. The Scots attacked, clambering through a thick bog before they could get to the hill, and, consequently, picked off with ease by the English archers. By the end of the day, Sir Archibald and six Scottish earls, seventy barons, five hundred knights and countless spearmen lay dead, while the English losses numbered fourteen.	Sir James STEWART, Earl of Atholl
104	http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=weeksjd&id=I34289	Opechan Stream
105	ravaged Gaul in 211	Son of King Farabert King SUNNO
106	Daughter of Adémer III Taillefer, who was pretender to the county (1181-1202) against his sister, Countess Mahaut. After his death she claimed the title, 6 years before Mahaut died. First married to King John without Land of England 1216, who died when she was visiting Queen Blance in Paris. After having returned to England she gave birth to a daughter. After the coronation of her 8-year-old son, Henry, she was asked by the Barons to leave England and she returned to her own lands. Here she arranged for her daughter to marry Hugues X de Lusignan, Count de La Marche, to whom she was engaged before her marriage to John, but married him herself in 1218. She was very powerful in both counties. Both her second husband and her son, Henry III, were engaged in fights against the French king in 1242. The following year she divided her possessions among those of her 13 children who had survived infancy, and joined the convent Fontrevault. After her death her husband joined one of the crusades and died in the Holy Land in 1249. She lived (1186-1246).	Queen Of England Isabella TAILLEFER
107	Also called Theudemer of the Franci.2 Theodemer, King of the Franks was cousin of Arbogast, magister militum 388-394.1 He was born in 364. He was the son of Richomer, Consul and Ascyla (?).1 Magister militum in 383.1 Magister militum between 388 and 393.1 Theodemer, King of the Franks married Blesinde des Francs, daughter of Chlogio I des Francs and Princess Blesinde of the Suevi, before 398. King of the Ripuarian Franks.3 Theodemer, King of the Franks died in 413 at age 49 years. Executed with his mother, "by the sword."1,4 "We read in the consular lists that Theudemer, King of the Franks, son of Richemer, and his mother Ascyla, were executed with the sword."4	King of the Franks THEODEMER
108	Also known as Lady Mom	E. Adeline TYRA
109	Dec 28 Roberta Johnson Funeral services for Roberta Warren Johnson, 76, of Corinth are set for 11 a.m. Saturday Dec 29 2007 at McPeters Funeral Home Chapel with the Rev. Dennis Smith officiating. Burial will be in the City Cemetery in Corinth. Ms. Johnson died Thursday, Dec. 27, 2007, at Magnolia Regional Health Center. She was a native of Corinth and a 1949 graduate of Corinth High School where she received honors and was also chosen as most beautiful.	Roberta WARREN
110	William Quarles	William WHARLES
111	Frank Yancey was born during the days when Arkansas was still backwoods and wild.. men still were known to carry guns.The Law was at times left up to the law of the gun and judgement was made by the men who carried the guns. When Frank was a young man, he got into various troubles with the law and eventually headed West under a different name. He chose Jim Markum, because Markam was his mother's maiden name.Of course, Jim was his first name, anyway. His family called him Frank. Anyway, he made it to Nebraska where he worked loading wagons. He was working hard one day and one of his coworkers , a black man, kept poking Frank with a pitchfork. It was toward the end of the day and Frank was tired and had had enough. He told the man to stop poking his foot... that he had been doing it all day and if the man didn't stop, Frank said he was going to kill him. Well.... the man dedcided to poke Frank's foot again.. who knows why... and... true to his word... Frank got off the wagon and took the pitchfork and stabbed the man with it. Frank was locked up for this crime and he spent time in jail for at least two other crimes, possibly murder.. we don't know for sure. Eventually, he made it back to Arkansas where he settled down and lived the rest of his life raising a family.	Jim Franklin YANCEY
112	note concerning letter Leander's father wrote to son Howard during War : mentioned both names ........ Le...... Leander ???? also called Lee	Leander Franklin YANCEY
113	At least one living individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Omer Estelle YANCEY
114	Pearl was known by everyone to be a true lady ... yet her son said she never left home , even to go to town, without carrying a gun in her purse. A true sign of the times .... She wanted to be buried with her baby daughter, Margie, when she died. She was laid out at her aunt Julie's home. They played "Farther Along" at her funeral. When she met her husband; he was actually a friend of her brother, Charlie. Edd was riding down the road to see Charlie and Pearl saw him. There was an old folk tale that stated any woman who happened to be working in her garden at the time a man rode down the path to her house, that man would be the one she married. Pearl knew the legend and since she was in her garden at the time ; she told her step mother that Edd would be her husband. That was one time the legend spoke tr She played the organ. She was also a good herbalist.	Pearl Evaline YANCEY
115	shot himself.... noted in letter to his brother, Howard , from their father.	Willey YANCEY
116	Go West out of Rector, Arkansas on Clay County Road 406. West 5th Street in Rector turns into Clay County Road 406. You will go past Clay County Road 427 on the right (South) side of the road. The next road on the right (South) is Parks Cemetery road. Parks Cemetery road looks like a field road. Because the cemetery is on the edge of a field. When I did this update there was still a few trees there to shade the cemetery. The cemetery is not kept up.	William Stephen YANCEY
117	http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg26.htm	Son Of Judah ZERAH
118	Austins of Amercia is a wonderful site for all Austin researchers. http://www.afaoa.org/master_index_home.html
119	Dennis Yancey has helped many Yancey researchers, icluding me, to identify thier line of Yancey's. He has done so much work, over a period of years. Thank you, Dennis! His website is listed below. http://yanceyfamilygenealogy.org/
120	Mr. Staires did a wonderful compilation of the Stares/Staires/Starr Family http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH7&CISOPTR=71654&REC=15
121	Mac has posted quite a few pics on his site http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Farm/6104/ It is a wonderful tool for Austin/Qualls researchers
122	Frederick Family Most of my information on the Fredercik family, I owe to a dear relative (who indeed helped me identify my line of Fredricks). Mike has done a tremendous amount of work on the Frederick genealogy. His website is listed below: http://bellsouthpwp.net/m/i/mikesfrederick/index.htm#toc